Child diarrhoea and nutritional status in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional study to explore contributing environmental and demographic factors
- PMID: 27199167
- PMCID: PMC6681136
- DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12725
Child diarrhoea and nutritional status in rural Rwanda: a cross-sectional study to explore contributing environmental and demographic factors
Abstract
Objective: To explore associations of environmental and demographic factors with diarrhoea and nutritional status among children in Rusizi district, Rwanda.
Methods: We obtained cross-sectional data from 8847 households in May-August 2013 from a baseline survey conducted for an evaluation of an integrated health intervention. We collected data on diarrhoea, water quality, and environmental and demographic factors from households with children <5, and anthropometry from children <2. We conducted log-binomial regression using diarrhoea, stunting and wasting as dependent variables.
Results: Among children <5, 8.7% reported diarrhoea in the previous 7 days. Among children <2, stunting prevalence was 34.9% and wasting prevalence was 2.1%. Drinking water treatment (any method) was inversely associated with caregiver-reported diarrhoea in the previous 7 days (PR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.91). Improved source of drinking water (PR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), appropriate treatment of drinking water (PR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.96), improved sanitation facility (PR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97), and complete structure (having walls, floor and roof) of the sanitation facility (PR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50-0.84) were inversely associated with stunting. None of the exposure variables were associated with wasting. A microbiological indicator of water quality was not associated with diarrhoea or stunting.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in Rusizi district, appropriate treatment of drinking water may be an important factor in diarrhoea in children <5, while improved source and appropriate treatment of drinking water as well as improved type and structure of sanitation facility may be important for linear growth in children <2. We did not detect an association with water quality.
Objectif: Explorer les associations entre les facteurs environnementaux et démographiques avec la diarrhée et l’état nutritionnel chez les enfants dans le district de Rusizi, au Rwanda.
Méthodes: Nous avons obtenu des données transversales de 8.847 ménages de mai à août 2013 d'une enquête de référence réalisée pour l’évaluation d'une intervention de santé intégrée. Nous avons recueilli les données sur la diarrhée, la qualité de l'eau et les facteurs environnementaux et démographiques des ménages avec des enfants <5ans, et l'anthropométrie des enfants <2 ans. Nous avons effectué une régression log‐binomiale en utilisant la diarrhée, le retard de croissance et l’émaciation comme variables dépendantes.
Résultats:
Chez les enfants <5 ans, 8,7% ont rapporté la diarrhée au cours des 7 jours précédents. Chez les enfants <2 ans, la prévalence du retard de croissance était de 34,9% et celle de l’émaciation de 2,1%. Le traitement de l'eau de boisson (toute méthode) était inversement associé à la diarrhée rapportée par les soignants au cours des sept jours précédents (
Conclusions: Nos résultats suggèrent que dans le district de Rusizi, un traitement approprié de l'eau de boisson peut être un facteur important dans la diarrhée chez les enfants <5 ans, tandis que l'amélioration de la source et un traitement approprié de l'eau de boisson ainsi que l'amélioration du type et de la structure des installations sanitaires peuvent être importants pour une croissance linéaire chez les enfants <2 ans. Nous n'avons pas détecté une association avec la qualité de l'eau.
Objetivo: Explorar las asociaciones entre factores ambientales y demográficos con la diarrea y el estatus nutricional de niños del distrito de Rusizi, Ruanda.
Métodos: Hemos obtenido datos croseccionales de 8,847 hogares entre Mayo y Agosto del 2013 de una encuesta basal realizada por la evaluación de una intervención integral en salud. Hemos recogido datos sobre diarrea, calidad del agua, factores ambientales y demográficos de hogares con niños <5 años, y antropometría de niños <2 años. Hemos realizado una regresión logística binaria utilizando diarrea, la atrofia y el marasmo como variables dependientes.
Resultados:
De los niños <5 años, un 8.7% reportó diarrea en los últimos 7 días. Entre los niños <2 años, la prevalencia de atrofia era del 34.9% y la prevalencia de marasmo del 2.1%. El tratamiento del agua para consumo (cualquier método) estaba inversamente asociada con la diarrea reportada por el cuidador en los siete días previos (
Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que en el distrito de Rusizi, el tratamiento apropiado del agua para consumo podría ser un factor importante en la diarrea de niños <5 años, mientras que las mejoras en las fuentes y un tratamiento adecuado del agua para consumo, al mismo tiempo que el tipo y estructura de las instalaciones sanitarias podrían ser importantes para el crecimiento linear en niños <2 años. No detectamos una asociación con la calidad del agua.
Keywords: Agua potable; agua de para consumo; atrofia; diarrea; diarrhoea; diarrhée; drinking water; eau potable; nutrición; nutrition; retard de croissance; saneamiento; sanitaire; sanitation; stunting.
© 2016 The Authors. Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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