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Review
. 2016 Apr 26:7:34.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00034. eCollection 2016.

Bone Fragility in Turner Syndrome: Mechanisms and Prevention Strategies

Maria Felicia Faienza  1 , Annamaria Ventura  1 , Silvia Colucci  2 , Luciano Cavallo  1 , Maria Grano  3 , Giacomina Brunetti  2
Affiliations
Review

Bone Fragility in Turner Syndrome: Mechanisms and Prevention Strategies

Maria Felicia Faienza et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Bone fragility is recognized as one of the major comorbidities in Turner syndrome (TS). The mechanisms underlying bone impairment in affected patients are not clearly elucidated, but estrogen deficiency and X-chromosomal abnormalities represent important factors. Moreover, although many girls with TS undergo recombinant growth hormone therapy to treat short stature, the efficacy of this treatment on bone mineral density is controversial. The present review will focus on bone fragility in subjects with TS, providing an overview on the pathogenic mechanisms and some prevention strategies.

Keywords: Turner syndrome; bone; bone mineral density; estrogens; fractures.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Potential mechanisms of bone fragility in Turner syndrome. (B) Monitoring and management of bone health in Turner syndrome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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