Dehydration as a Possible Cause of Monthly Variation in the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract

Background: Monthly or seasonal changes in the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) were previously reported; however, the mechanism of such variability is not completely understood.

Methods: In the present retrospective single-center analysis, consecutive patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2013 were evaluated.

Results: The study population included 1496 patients, 48% men, mean age 63 ± 18 years. Most (82%) cases with VTE were provoked and 39% of patients had active cancer. Four months of peak incidence (3, 7, 10 and 11) were compared with 4 months of the lowest incidence (4, 5, 6, and 12), showing a significant difference in VTE numbers (597 vs 405 cases/year, P = 0.001). In all subgroup analyses, including gender, provoked or unprovoked event and presence or absence of cancer, significant differences between the months of peak and lowest incidence remained. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)-creatinine ratio was significantly higher in all cases in the peak incidence group compared to the lowest incidence group (24 ± 1.5 vs 21 ± 1.6, P = 0.03). In patients with unprovoked VTE (n = 269), levels of BUN and hematocrit were significantly increased in the peak incidence group compared to lowest incidence group (19.5 ± 0.8 mg/dL vs 16 ± 1.1 mg/dL, P = 0.03; 39.2 ± 0.3% vs 37.4 ± 0.5%, P = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that occurrence of VTE exhibits monthly variation also existing in patients with provoked events and even in those with cancer. Dehydration is suggested as a potential explanation to the month-related variation in incidence of VTE.

Keywords: DVT; PE; VTE; dehydration; month; season.