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. 2016 Apr;11(4):572-4.
doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.180740.

Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms of axon regeneration: the need for spinal cord injury treatment strategies to address both

Christina Francisca Vogelaar  1
Affiliations

Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms of axon regeneration: the need for spinal cord injury treatment strategies to address both

Christina Francisca Vogelaar. Neural Regen Res. 2016 Apr.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Extrinsic and intrinsic targets for treatment strategies. Schematic representation of a sagittal section of mouse brain (modified from Paxinos & Watson, The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 6th Edition) with three tracts of interest: in blue, the corticospinal tract (CST) arising in layer V of primary motor cortex (M1) and descending through the pyramidal tract (Py) to the spinal cord, in red, the rubrospinal tract (RST) arising from the red nucleus (NR), and in burgundy, the peripheral nerve (PN) arising in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that also send a central projection into the dorsal columns (DC) conveying information via the thalamus to the primary sensory cortex (S1). Since anteroposterior M1 and S1 locations are partially overlapping, the area is represented here by a gradient. Coronal sections of the forebrain (a), midbrain (b) and spinal cord (c) show the location of the tracts in the dorsal-ventral-lateral positions. The SCI lesion (L, in this example a dorsal hemisection) is displayed in transparent grey. The intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the regeneration of the tracts are indicated above their main location of action. Intrinsic regeneration mechanisms include the local translation of RNA in the axons, the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, the activation of signaling molecules that are transported retrogradely (arrows) to the cell bodies, where a gene expression program should start. In and around the lesion scar, extrinsic factors include inhibitory molecules and the immune system. Altogether, treatments for SCI should influence multiple factors, so that both the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic mechanisms of regeneration are targeted.
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