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. 2016 Jun;31(6):868-74.
doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv466. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

Chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries

John W Stanifer  1 , Anthony Muiru  2 , Tazeen H Jafar  3 , Uptal D Patel  1
Affiliations

Chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries

John W Stanifer et al. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 Jun.

Abstract

Most of the global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As a result of rapid urbanization in LMICs, a growing number of populations are exposed to numerous environmental toxins, high infectious disease burdens and increasing rates of noncommunicable diseases. For CKD, this portends a high prevalence related to numerous etiologies, and it presents unique challenges. A better understanding of the epidemiology of CKD in LMICs is urgently needed, but this must be coupled with strong public advocacy and broad, collaborative public health efforts that address environmental, communicable, and non-communicable risk factors.

Keywords: epidemiology; multidisciplinary; noncommunicable diseases; urbanization.

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Figures

FIGURE 1:
FIGURE 1:
Annual per cent change per country in deaths attributed to chronic kidney disease (1990–2013). Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington; open access under the Creative Commons Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives 4.0 International License
FIGURE 2:
FIGURE 2:
Conceptual diagram illustrating a multifaceted approach to CKD prevention and treatment in LMICs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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