[Critical care management of intracerebral hemorrhage]

Abstract

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for up to 20 % percent of all ischemic strokes. In addition to a higher mortality, they are often associated with severe neurological impairment for those affected.

Objectives: Review of the current literature and guidelines addressing the critical care management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, including treatments to reduce primary and secondary neurological damage.

Results: Acute blood pressure lowering to less than 140 mmHg should be aspired immediately after intensive care admission. During the following days blood pressure variability should be minimized. Preexisting oral anticoagulation should be immediately reversed, while hemostatic therapy not associated with reversal of antithrombotic therapy should not be applied. Surgery for patients with impaired consciousness should be discussed. Use of pneumatic compression in immobile patients is recommended. Developing intracranial hypertension should be treated with combined physical and pharmacological measures in a stepwise approach. Administration of glucocorticoids is currently not recommended.

Conclusions: Critical care management of spontaneous hemorrhage demands a multimodal, graded approach for reduction of both primary and secondary neurological damage.

Keywords: Blood pressure lowering; Critical care; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Intracranial hypertension; Review.