Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 May;7(3):551-6.
doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2015.10.001. Epub 2015 Oct 19.

Comparative evaluation of passive, active, and passive-active distraction techniques on pain perception during local anesthesia administration in children

Soad A Abdelmoniem  1 , Sara A Mahmoud  1
Affiliations

Comparative evaluation of passive, active, and passive-active distraction techniques on pain perception during local anesthesia administration in children

Soad A Abdelmoniem et al. J Adv Res. 2016 May.

Abstract

Local anesthesia forms the backbone of pain control techniques and is necessary for a painless dental procedure. Nevertheless, administering a local anesthetic injection is among the most anxiety-provoking procedures to children. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of different distraction techniques (passive, active, and passive-active) on children's pain perception during local anesthesia administration. A total of 90 children aged four to nine years, requiring inferior alveolar nerve block for primary molar extraction, were included in this study and randomly divided into three groups according to the distraction technique employed during local anesthesia administration. Passive distraction group: the children were instructed to listen to a song on headphones; Active distraction group: the children were instructed to move their legs up and down alternatively; and Passive-active distraction group: this was a combination between both techniques. Pain perception during local anesthesia administration was evaluated by the Sounds, Eyes, and Motor (SEM) scale and Wong Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale. There was an insignificant difference between the three groups for SEM scale and Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale at P = 0.743 and P = 0.112 respectively. The examined distraction techniques showed comparable results in reducing pain perception during local anesthesia administration.

Keywords: Active; Children; Distraction; Local anesthesia; Pain perception; Passive, Passive-active.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Sounds, Eyes, and Motor (SEM) Scale scores for the three distraction groups.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Box-plot for the Wong Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale scores for three distraction groups.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Scatterplot for the correlation between SEM Scale and Face Pain Scale.
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ashkenazi M., Blumer S., Eli I. Effectiveness of computerized delivery of intrasulcular anesthetic in primary molars. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136:1418–1425. - PubMed
    1. Second Y.L.K., Neelakantan P. Local anesthetics in dentistry-newer methods of delivery. Int J Pharm Clin Res. 2014;6(1):4–6.
    1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Guideline on behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. Reference Manual; Pediatr Dent 2014–2015;36(6):180–90.
    1. Lee S.H., Lee N.Y. An alternative local anaesthesia technique to reduce pain in paediatric patients during needle insertion. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013;14(2):109–112. - PubMed
    1. Aminabadi N.A., Farahani R.M.Z. The effect of pre-cooling the injection site on pediatric pain perception during the administration of local anesthesia. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2009;10(3):1–9. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources