Suitability of white-tailed deer as hosts for cattle fever ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)

Abstract

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus L.) were evaluated as an alternate host for the cattle fever tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say). The total of adult female ticks recovered and associated reproductive parameters were compared between deer and bovine hosts. Significantly fewer ticks were recovered from deer than from cattle; this was attributed to the grooming behavior of the deer. The mean weight of ticks taken from deer (243.5 mg) was significantly less than that of ticks recovered from cattle (344.5 mg) with about 15% of the ticks from deer prematurely detached. Egg mass weight from the ticks recovered from deer (129.4 mg) was significantly less than that of ticks from cattle (172.1 mg). A significant difference was observed between the percentage hatch of the eggs of ticks from deer (63.1%) and ticks from cattle (76.7%). The index of reproduction was about 20 times greater for the ticks from the cattle than for the ticks from the deer. When the larval progeny of the ticks recovered from deer were reared on cattle, significantly fewer adult females were recovered than when larvae of ticks recovered from cattle were reared on cattle. This indicates a possible reduction in viability. All other parameters were comparable between the two groups. Thus, deer are biologically suitable hosts for B. annulatus, but significantly fewer ticks complete engorgement and those that complete engorgement have reduced fecundity.