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Case Reports
. 2016 Dec;22(6):861-865.
doi: 10.1007/s13365-016-0455-2. Epub 2016 May 31.

Acute myelitis as presenting symptom of HIV-HTLV-1 co-infection

A Cucca  1 , L Stragapede  2 , L Antonutti  2 , M Catalan  2 , I Caracciolo  3   4 , Romina Valentinotti  5 , A Granato  2 , P D'Agaro  3   4 , P Manganotti  2
Affiliations
Case Reports

Acute myelitis as presenting symptom of HIV-HTLV-1 co-infection

A Cucca et al. J Neurovirol. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

A 21-year-old woman presented with acute-onset spastic paraparesis. The MRI spinal scan revealed a contrast-enhanced T2 hyperintensity between C5-T2. The most common neurotropic pathogens were excluded by first level tests. Under suspicion of an acute immune-mediated myelitis, a corticosteroid therapy was administered. However, a seropositivity for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) subsequently emerged. An antiretroviral therapy was started while steroids discontinued. Patient's clinical conditions remained unchanged. HIV-HTLV-1 co-infection should be included in the differential diagnosis of any acute myelitis, even in patients with a preserved immune status and no risk factors.

Keywords: HIV; HTLV; Myelitis.

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