Racial Discrimination, Cultural Resilience, and Stress
- PMID: 27254805
- PMCID: PMC4841285
- DOI: 10.1177/0706743716638653
Racial Discrimination, Cultural Resilience, and Stress
Abstract
Objective: Racial discrimination is a social determinant of health for First Nations people. Cultural resilience has been regarded as a potentially positive resource for social outcomes. Using a compensatory model of resilience, this study sought to determine if cultural resilience (compensatory factor) neutralized or offset the detrimental effect of racial discrimination (social risk factor) on stress (outcome).
Methods: Data were collected from October 2012 to February 2013 (N = 340) from adult members of the Kettle and Stony Point First Nation community in Ontario, Canada. The outcome was perceived stress; risk factor, racial discrimination; and compensatory factor, cultural resilience. Control variables included individual (education, sociability) and family (marital status, socioeconomic status) resilience resources and demographics (age and gender). The model was tested using sequential regression.
Results: The risk factor, racial discrimination, increased stress across steps of the sequential model, while cultural resilience had an opposite modest effect on stress levels. In the final model with all variables, age and gender were significant, with the former having a negative effect on stress and women reporting higher levels of stress than males. Education, marital status, and socioeconomic status (household income) were not significant in the model. The model had R(2) = 0.21 and adjusted R(2) = 0.18 and semipartial correlation (squared) of 0.04 and 0.01 for racial discrimination and cultural resilience, respectively.
Conclusions: In this study, cultural resilience compensated for the detrimental effect of racial discrimination on stress in a modest manner. These findings may support the development of programs and services fostering First Nations culture, pending further study.
Objectif:: La discrimination raciale est un déterminant de la santé pour les peuples des Premières nations. La résilience culturelle a été considérée comme étant une ressource potentiellement positive pour les résultats sociaux. À l’aide d’un modèle compensatoire de résilience, cette étude cherchait à déterminer si la résilience culturelle (facteur compensatoire) neutralisait ou compensait l’effet adverse de la discrimination raciale (facteur de risque social) sur le stress (résultat).
Méthodes:: Les données ont été recueillies d’octobre 2012 à février 2013 (N = 340) auprès de membres adultes de la communauté des Premières nations Kettle and Stony Point, en Ontario, Canada. Le résultat a été stress perçu; facteur de risque, discrimination raciale; et facteur compensatoire, résilience culturelle. Les variables de contrôle incluaient les ressources de résilience individuelles (éducation, sociabilité) et familiales (état matrimonial, statut socioéconomique) et les données démographiques (âge et sexe). Le modèle a été testé par la régression séquentielle.
Résultats:: Le facteur de risque, la discrimination raciale, augmentait le stress dans toutes les étapes du modèle séquentiel tandis que la résilience culturelle avait un effet opposé modeste sur les niveaux de stress. Dans le modèle final contenant toutes les variables, l’âge et le sexe étaient significatifs, l’âge ayant un effet négatif sur le stress et les femmes déclarant des niveaux de stress plus élevés que ceux des hommes. L’éducation, l’état matrimonial, et le statut socioéconomique (revenu du ménage) n’étaient pas significatifs dans le modèle. Le modèle avait R2 = 0,21 et R2 = 0,18 ajusté, et une corrélation semi-partielle (au carré) de 0,04 et 0,01 pour la discrimination raciale et la résilience culturelle, respectivement.
Conclusions:: Dans cette étude, la résilience culturelle compensait modestement l’effet adverse de la discrimination raciale sur le stress. Ces résultats peuvent soutenir l’élaboration de programmes et de services favorisant la culture des Premières nations, en attendant d’autres études.
Keywords: Aboriginal; First Nations; culture; health; racial discrimination; resilience; stress.
© The Author(s) 2016.
Conflict of interest statement
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