[Vesicoureteric reflux in children: many questions still unanswered]

Abstract

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is the most common congenital anomaly of the uropoetic system. The gold standard for its diagnosis is the voiding cystourethrogram. Sonographic cystourethrography is an alternative method for reflux detection, but it is still not used routinely. Static scintigraphy enables us to diagnose renal scarring reflux nephropathy (RN). While congenital RN is a result of prenatal kidney injury, acquired RN results from pyelonephritis-induced renal damage.Risk factors for RN include VUR, recurrent APN, lower urinary tract dysfunction and delay in treatment of febrile urinary tract infection. Management of children after APN with VUR consists of antibiotic prophylaxy, surgery or surveillance only. The conclusions of performed studies are controversial, thus unified guidelines for the management of patients with VUR are not available.

Keywords: children.; reflux nephropathy; urinary tract infections; vesicoureteric reflux.