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Comment
. 2017 May;14(5):476-477.
doi: 10.1038/cmi.2016.27. Epub 2016 Jun 6.

Exosomes: multitask cargo carriers modulating innate immunity to viruses

Mario U Mondelli  1
Affiliations
Comment

Exosomes: multitask cargo carriers modulating innate immunity to viruses

Mario U Mondelli. Cell Mol Immunol. 2017 May.
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proposed mechanisms of exosome-mediated propagation of HBV infection and modulation of NK-cell responses. HBV-infected hepatocytes release fully competent virions that can be recognized by HBV receptor such as the NTCP and transmit the infection to neighboring hepatocytes. Infection can also be conveyed by viral nucleic acid-loaded exosomes originated by HBV-infected hepatocytes in a receptor-independent manner. Exosomes regulate NK-cell responses by dampening intracellular innate sensing by RIG-I, which results in down-modulation of the NKp44 activating receptor and up-regulation of the NKG2A inhibitory receptor. NK-cell phenotypic changes are accompanied by reduced IFN-γ production and impaired cytolytic activity. Which of the many components of the exosome cargo is responsible for impaired innate immune responses is still unknown. HBV, hepatitis B virus; IFN-γ, interferon-γ NK, natural killer; NTCP, sodium-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1.
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