Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis: a new boost is needed in Latin American populations

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease which affects several organs and tissue, predominantly the synovial joints. Like many other autoimmune diseases, RA is a complex disease, where genetic variants, environmental factors and random events interact to trigger pathological pathways. Genetic implication in RA is evident, and recent advances have expanded our knowledge about the genetic factors that contribute to RA. An exponential increment in the number of genes associated with the disease has been described, mainly through gene wide screen studies (GWAS) involving international consortia with large patient cohorts. However, there are a few studies on Latin American populations. This article describes what is known about the RA genetics, the future that is emerging, and how this will develop a more personalized approach for the treatment of the disease. Latin American RA patients cannot be excluded from this final aim, and a higher collaboration with the international consortia may be needed for a better knowledge of the genetic profile of patients from this origin.

Keywords: Artrite reumatoide; Estudo de associação genômica ampla; Genetic susceptibility; Genome wide association studies; HLA; Polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único; Rheumatoid arthritis; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Susceptibilidade genética.