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. 2016 Apr-Jun;8(2):241-256.

Stress pathways to health inequalities: Embedding ACEs within social and behavioral contexts

Paula S Nurius  1 , Sara Green  1 , Patricia Logan-Greene  2 , Dario Longhi  3 , Chiho Song  1
Affiliations

Stress pathways to health inequalities: Embedding ACEs within social and behavioral contexts

Paula S Nurius et al. Int Public Health J. 2016 Apr-Jun.

Abstract

Objective: This study addresses whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) demonstrate disproportional prevalence across demographic- and health-affecting characteristics, offer significant explanation of adult health outcomes, and show patterned association with illness susceptibility early within and across adulthood when viewed in combination with income and psychosocial resources.

Methods: Data were derived from a population-based state health survey using stratified random sampling of household adults (n=7,470): ages 18-99 (M=55), 59.9% females, and race/ethnicity, income and education levels representative of the region. We assessed ACEs by aggregating 8 adversity forms, 5 health behaviors and 3 psychosocial resources; and health outcomes (number of chronic conditions, subjective wellness).

Results: Disproportionality was evident in ACEs levels by demographics, adult SES, health behaviors, and psychosocial resources in expected directions. Stepped multiple regressions of health outcomes demonstrated significant betas and R2 change for each predictor block, revealing cumulative as well as unique explanatory utility. Early onset chronic illness was evident on the basis of ACEs levels. These illnesses were amplified for low income respondents. Prevalence was highest across adulthood for those also reporting low psychosocial assets.

Conclusions: Findings offer novel insights as to the "long reach" of childhood adversity on health, conditioned by circumstances under which these effects may occur. Health resilience offered by health behaviors and psychosocial resources should shape thinking about preventive and remedial interventions by social work and allied professionals across a range of settings.

Keywords: ACE; adverse childhood experiences; disparities; health; stress; weathering.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of chronic illnesses associated with levels of ACEs, poverty, and psychosocial resources.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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