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Review
. 2016 Jun;9(3):359-73.
doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfv156. Epub 2016 Mar 15.

Adipocytokines in renal transplant recipients

Kristof Nagy  1 , Shankar Prasad Nagaraju  2 , Connie M Rhee  3 , Zoltan Mathe  1 , Miklos Z Molnar  4
Affiliations
Review

Adipocytokines in renal transplant recipients

Kristof Nagy et al. Clin Kidney J. 2016 Jun.

Abstract

In the last two decades, perceptions about the role of body fat have changed. Adipocytes modulate endocrine and immune homeostasis by synthesizing hundreds of hormones, known as adipocytokines. Many studies have been investigating the influences and effects of these adipocytokines and suggest that they are modulated by the nutritional and immunologic milieu. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are a unique and relevant population in which the function of adipocytokines can be examined, given their altered nutritional and immune status and subsequent dysregulation of adipocytokine metabolism. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about four specific adipocytokines and their respective roles in KTRs. We decided to evaluate the most widely described adipocytokines, including leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and resistin. Increasing evidence suggests that these adipocytokines may lead to cardiovascular events and metabolic changes in the general population and may also increase mortality and graft loss rate in KTRs. In addition, we present findings on the interrelationship between serum adipocytokine levels and nutritional and immunologic status, and mechanisms by which adipocytokines modulate morbidity and outcomes in KTRs.

Keywords: adiponectin; kidney transplantation; leptin; resistin; visfatin.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
(A) Effects of leptin and adiponectin on different types of cells. (B) Effects of visfatin and resistin on different types of cells. ATII, angiotensin II; CRP, C-reactive protein; ECM, extracellular matrix; eNOS, extracellular nitric oxide synthetase; ET1, endothelin-1; ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthetase; MCP, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; Na, sodium; NF-kB, nuclear factor κB; NO, nitric oxide; PAI1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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