Permissive role of cytosolic pH acidification in neurodegeneration: A closer look at its causes and consequences

Abstract

The maintenance of cytosolic pH in its physiological range is required for normal neuronal activity, and even minor alterations can have serious consequences. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the conditions that are associated with cytosolic pH disruption and that lead to abnormal cytosolic acidification. Oxidative stress results in cytosolic acidification, and this plays a crucial role in the emergence of apoptosis in protein misfolding and excitotoxicity, ultimately leading to irreversible neuronal damage. Through the identification of mechanisms by which intraneuronal pH acidification promotes neurodegeneration, we may identify new approaches for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Keywords: apoptosis; cytosolic acidification; excitotoxicity; neurodegeneration; oxidative stress; protein misfolding.