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. 2016 Jun;171(2):723-6.
doi: 10.1104/pp.16.00608.

Epidermal Pavement Cells of Arabidopsis Have Chloroplasts

Kiah A Barton  1 , Martin H Schattat  2 , Torsten Jakob  3 , Gerd Hause  4 , Christian Wilhelm  3 , Joseph F Mckenna  5 , Csaba Máthé  6 , John Runions  5 , Daniel Van Damme  7 , Jaideep Mathur  8
Affiliations

Epidermal Pavement Cells of Arabidopsis Have Chloroplasts

Kiah A Barton et al. Plant Physiol. 2016 Jun.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Representative images illustrating the presence of small chloroplasts in epidermal pavement cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. A, Lateral view of the upper epidermal surface of a soil grown Arabidopsis plant expressing tpFNR:GFP shows the clear fluorescence of chlorophyll (red; panel 1) and the stroma-targeted probe (green; panel 2) in guard cells (gc) and pavement cell (pc) plastids (arrowheads in panel 3 and 4). The bright field image (panel 3) provides the spatial relationship between the epidermis and the mesophyll layer (meso) with the latter displaying larger chloroplasts (square box in panel 1) as compared to guard cell and pavement cell chloroplasts (rectangle and and circle, respectively, in panel 1; also compartive size shown by double headed arrow in panel 4). Non-trangenic plants provide a similar image for chlorophyll fluorscence (collected 650–750 nm) upon illumination with the 488 nm laser. B, Top-down view of the adaxial surface of a leaf from an Arabidopsis plant expressing tpFNR:GFP highlights the chlorophyll (red) in guard cell chloroplasts (gc), pavement cell chloroplasts (e.g. small arrowheads) and the underlying layer of the relatively large mesophyll chloroplasts. Note that the size and fluorescence exhibited by plastids in pavement cells (e.g. arrowheads) is very similar to that of the guard cell chloroplasts. However, gc (panel 1) exhibit a typical arc-shaped arrangement while pc are scattered and often not detectable against the large, more fluorescent mesophyll (meso) chloroplasts. When targeted by a stromalocalized probe (e.g. panel 2) pc are brightly highlighted due to a high stroma to grana ratio. C, An overview showing plastids from an upper epidermis pavement (uep) cell and the subtending mesophyll (palisade parenchyma, pp) layer. Despite the difference in their size, plastids from both layers contain grana (arrow heads) and starch granules (*). D, General ultrastructure of a plastid in the pavement cell of the upper epidermis. Single thylakoids within grana are shown in a magnified view of the white outlined box. E, A plastid in a pavement cell of the lower epidermis exhibits clear grana (boxed region has been magnified). Scale bars: A and B = 10 μm; C, = 2 μm; D and E = 1 μm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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