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Review
. 2016 Jun 10;17(6):917.
doi: 10.3390/ijms17060917.

Neuropathy and Diabetic Foot Syndrome

Maren Volmer-Thole  1 , Ralf Lobmann  2
Affiliations
Review

Neuropathy and Diabetic Foot Syndrome

Maren Volmer-Thole et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulceration is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus worldwide and the most common cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients. The etiology of diabetic foot ulcerations is complex due to their multifactorial nature; in the pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulceration polyneuropathy is important. Proper adherence to standard treatment strategies and interdisciplinary cooperation can reduce the still high rates of major amputations.

Keywords: diabetic foot; multidisciplinary team; neuropathy; wound healing.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Advanced diabetic neuropathy—A point of no return? Modified version after: Peter Boucek [15].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Typical diabetic ulceration at stage 2 (Wagner/Amstrong classification) seen at typical predisposed location of metatarsal 1. The shape is typically circular and surrounded by a hyperkeratotic border. Modest erythema of the surrounding tissue suggests coinfection (if verified, stage 2b criteria are fulfilled).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pathophysiology of diabetic osteoarthropathy underlying the central role of the RANKL-OPG system in the development of destructive bone alterations. RANKL = receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand; AGE = advanced glycation end product; CGRP = calcitonin gene-related peptide; eNOS = endothelial nitric oxide synthase; IL = interleukin; OPG = osteoprotegerin; RAGE = receptor for advanced glycation end products; TNF= tumor necrosis factor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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