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. 2016 Jun 14:6:27919.
doi: 10.1038/srep27919.

60-GHz Millimeter-wave Over Fiber with Directly Modulated Dual-mode Laser Diode

Cheng-Ting Tsai  1 , Chi-Hsiang Lin  2 , Chun-Ting Lin  2 , Yu-Chieh Chi  1 , Gong-Ru Lin  1
Affiliations

60-GHz Millimeter-wave Over Fiber with Directly Modulated Dual-mode Laser Diode

Cheng-Ting Tsai et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

A directly modulated dual-mode laser diode (DMLD) with third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) suppression is proposed for a 60-GHz millimeter-wave over fiber (MMWoF) architecture, enabling new fiber-wireless communication access to cover 4-km single-mode-fiber (SMF) and 3-m wireless 16-QAM OFDM transmissions. By dual-mode injection-locking, the throughput degradation of the DMLD is mitigated with saturation effect to reduce its threshold, IMD3 power and relative intensity noise to 7.7 mA, -85 dBm and -110.4 dBc/Hz, respectively, providing huge spurious-free dynamic range of 85.8 dB/Hz(2/3). This operation suppresses the noise floor of the DMLD carried QPSK-OFDM spectrum by 5 dB. The optical receiving power is optimized to restrict the power fading effect for improving the bit error rate to 1.9 × 10(-3 )and the receiving power penalty to 1.1 dB. Such DMLD based hybrid architecture for 60-GHz MMW fiber-wireless access can directly cover the current optical and wireless networks for next-generation indoor and short-reach mobile communications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The DMLS based 60-GHz MMW embedded fiber-wireless access network.
The DMLS based hybrid architecture for 60-GHz MMW fiber-wireless access can converge the current optical and wireless networks for indoor communications. CO: central office, DWDM Mux/DeMux: dense wavelength division multiplexing multiplexer/demultiplexer, ONU: optical network unit. Sweet Home 3D, Copyright (c) 2005–2016 Emmanuel PUYBARET/eTeks info@eteks.com.
Figure 2
Figure 2. The optical spectra, related powers and CCSRs of the dual-sideband master and injection-locked slave LD at different injection powers.
As the central carrier of the dual-sideband master deviates from the resonant wavelength of the slave LD, it can be significantly suppressed after injection-locking.
Figure 3
Figure 3. The output characteristics of the free-running and injection-locked slave LD.
(a) The power-to-current plot, (b) the modulation response and (c) the RIN spectrum of the slave LD reveal that the threshold reduction, throughput declination and RIN suppression are reduced after dual-mode injection-locking.
Figure 4
Figure 4. The DMLD carried OFDM data and its related intermodulation distortion terms.
(a) The DMLD induced third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) spectral pedestals after modulating the QAM-OFDM data. (b) The frequency spectra of the DMLD carried two-tone RF signal at different injecting powers. (c) The equivalent resistance and related input ratio in the DMLD at different injecting powers. The IMD3 can be suppressed by enlarging the injection power.
Figure 5
Figure 5. The improvement on the transmission performance of the IMD3 suppressed DMLD.
(a) The spurious-free dynamic ranges (SFDRs) of the injection-locked LD at different injection powers. As the IMD3 peaks of the DMLD is greatly suppressed by injecting up to 3 dBm, it enlarges the related SFDR for carrying the QPSK-OFDM data. (b) The RF spectrum of the DMLD carried QPSK-OFDM data after optical BtB and 3-m wireless transmissions, in which the improved SFDR of the DMLD effectively reduces the noise level of the carried QPSK-OFDM spectrum.
Figure 6
Figure 6. The transmission performance of the DMLD carried QPSK-OFDM data.
The (a) BER, (b) CCDF, (c) SNR and (d) constellation plots of the DMLD carried QPSK-OFDM data at different injection powers. By optimizing the BER and CCDF of the DMLD carried QPSK-OFDM data, its related SNR can be effectively enlarged after optical BtB and 3-m wireless transmissions.
Figure 7
Figure 7. The power fading and the transmission performance of the DMLD carried QPSK-/16-QAM OFDM data after 4-/10-km SMF and 3-m free-space propagations.
(a) The receiving power response of the DMLD after SMF transmission with different lengths. (b) The testing bench for measuring the transmission performance of the DMLD carried QAM-OFDM data. By lengthening the SMF, the power fading induced spectral notch down-shifts to seriously degrade the receiving power of the DMLD carried OFDM data. (c) The SNR response and constellation plots of the DMLD carried QPSK-OFDM data. (d) The BER response of the DMLD carried QPSK-OFDM data at different optical receiving powers. (e) The SNR response and constellation plots of the DMLD carried 16-QAM OFDM data. (f) The BER response of the DMLD carried 16-QAM OFDM data at different optical receiving powers. With sufficient optical receiving power, the 6 Gb/s 16-QAM OFDM data can be delivered by the DMLD based fiber-wireless access architecture after 4-km SMF and 3-m wireless transmissions. (g) The optical spectra of the injection-locked DMLD at different operating temperatures. (h) The BER performances of the DMLD carried 16-QAM OFDM data at different operating temperatures.
Figure 8
Figure 8. The experimental setup of the slave LD for dual-mode operation and further implementing a 60-GHz fiber-wireless access architecture.
(a) The optical spectrum of the free-running slave LD. (b) The experimental setup of the slave LD injection-locked by a dual-sideband master. (c) The schematic diagram for the DMLD based 60-GHz fiber-wireless access architecture. (d) The testing bench for measuring the DMLD induced intermodulation distortion.
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