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Review
. 2012 Jul 24:11:416-35.
eCollection 2012.

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) airway effects and dose-responses in different animal models

Thomas Schupp  1 , Michael A Collins  2
Affiliations
Review

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) airway effects and dose-responses in different animal models

Thomas Schupp et al. EXCLI J. .

Abstract

Many inhalation exposure studies have been performed with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in different animal species. Many were targeted at respiratory irritation and/or sensitisation. As there is still no broadly accepted guideline for the performance of respiratory sensitisation tests, protocols used and endpoints investigated are numerous. In this review we collected data from those respiratory sensitisation and/or irritation studies that provided threshold or dose-response information. Against this aim, and as TDI is a model substance for a respiratory sensitiser, a great number of mechanistic studies are not cited in this paper, although they were checked for relevant information. The literature data available allow the conclusion that both respiratory irritation and sensitisation may be interdependent, and both irritation and sensitisation by TDI is a threshold phenomenon. Across species, the majority of NOAECs for respiratory sensitisation are in the range of 0.005 to 0.03 ppm, whereas the LOAEC is about 0.02 to 0.4 ppm.

Keywords: animal models; asthma; respiratory sensitisation; toluene diisocyanate.

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Figures

Table 1
Table 1. (a) Results of guinea pig studies: sensitisation, (b) Selected results of guinea pig studies: irritation
Table 2
Table 2. Results of selected mouse studies showing irritation and sensitisation
Table 3
Table 3. Results of selected rat studies showing irritation and sensitisation
Table 4
Table 4. (a) Indices of respiratory sensitisation with TDI; (b) Indices of respiratory irritation with TDI
Figure 1
Figure 1. Histamine content in guinea pig blood (mean + SD) 30 min after challenge with 0.37 ppm for 30 min, depending on induction dose
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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