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. 2016 Dec;31(8):605-611.
doi: 10.1177/1533317516653468. Epub 2016 Jun 14.

Interrater Reliability and Concurrent Validity of a New Rating Scale to Assess the Performance of Everyday Life Tasks in Dementia: The Core Elements Method

Maartje M E de Werd  1   2   3 , Angela C Hoelzenbein  4 , Daniëlle H E Boelen  5   6 , Marcel G M Olde Rikkert  2   7 , Michael Hüell  8 , Roy P C Kessels  5   2   7 , Sebastian Voigt-Radloff  8   9
Affiliations

Interrater Reliability and Concurrent Validity of a New Rating Scale to Assess the Performance of Everyday Life Tasks in Dementia: The Core Elements Method

Maartje M E de Werd et al. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Errorless learning (EL) is an instructional procedure involving error reduction during learning. Errorless learning is mostly examined by counting correctly executed task steps or by rating them using a Task Performance Scale (TPS). Here, we explore the validity and reliability of a new assessment procedure, the core elements method (CEM), which rates essential building blocks of activities rather than individual steps. Task performance was assessed in 35 patients with Alzheimer's dementia recruited from the Relearning methods on Daily Living task performance of persons with Dementia (REDALI-DEM) study using TPS and CEM independently. Results showed excellent interrater reliabilities for both measure methods (CEM: intraclass coefficient [ICC] = .85; TPS: ICC = .97). Also, both methods showed a high agreement (CEM: mean of measurement difference [MD] = -3.44, standard deviation [SD] = 14.72; TPS: MD = -0.41, SD = 7.89) and correlated highly (>.75). Based on these results, TPS and CEM are both valid for assessing task performance. However, since TPS is more complicated and time consuming, CEM may be the preferred method for future research projects.

Keywords: activities of daily living; dementia; errorless learning; task performance analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Bland-Altman plot for the agreement in the ratings with the core elements method (CEM). Every point represents a data point, each assessed by the 2 measurements. The abscissa displays the mean of the 2 measurements. The ordinate displays the difference between the 2 measurements. The dotted line in the middle represents the absolute mean of the differences. The outer 2 dotted lines represent the mean ±1.96 times the standard deviation of the difference.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Bland-Altman plot for the agreement in the ratings with the Task Performance Scale (TPS) method. Every point represents a data point, each assessed by the 2 measurements. The abscissa displays the mean of the 2 measurements. The ordinate displays the difference between the 2 measurements. The dotted line in the middle represents the absolute mean of the differences. The outer 2 dotted lines represent the mean ±1.96 times the standard deviation of the difference.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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