2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis

L Ansaloni¹, M Pisano¹, F Coccolini¹, A B Peitzmann², A Fingerhut³, F Catena⁴, F Agresta⁵, A Allegri¹, I Bailey⁶, Z J Balogh⁷, C Bendinelli⁷, W Biffl⁸, L Bonavina⁹, G Borzellino¹⁰, F Brunetti¹¹, C C Burlew¹², G Camapanelli¹³, F C Campanile¹⁴, M Ceresoli¹, O Chiara¹⁵, I Civil¹⁶, R Coimbra¹⁷, M De Moya¹⁸, S Di Saverio¹⁹, G P Fraga²⁰, S Gupta²¹, J Kashuk²², M D Kelly²³, V Koka²⁴, H Jeekel²⁵, R Latifi²⁶, A Leppaniemi²⁷, R V Maier²⁸, I Marzi²⁹, F Moore³⁰, D Piazzalunga¹, B Sakakushev³¹, M Sartelli³², T Scalea³³, P F Stahel³⁴, K Taviloglu³⁵, G Tugnoli¹⁹, S Uraneus³⁶, G C Velmahos³⁷, I Wani³⁸, D G Weber³⁹, P Viale⁴⁰, M Sugrue⁴¹, R Ivatury⁴², Y Kluger⁴³, K S Gurusamy⁴⁴, E E Moore³⁵

Affiliations

¹ General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
² Department of Surgery, UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
³ Department of Surgical Research, Medical Univeristy of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁴ Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery of the University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
⁵ Department of General Surgery, Adria Civil Hospital, Adria (RO), Italy.
⁶ University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
⁷ Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia.
⁸ Acute Care Surgery, Queen's Medical Center, School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA.
⁹ Department of Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy.
¹⁰ University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
¹¹ Unit of Digestive, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor Hospital AP-HP, Université Paris Est-UPEC, Créteil, France.
¹² Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA.
¹³ General Surgery - Day Surgery Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, Insubria University, Milan, Italy.
¹⁴ Ospedale San Giovanni Decollato - Andosilla, Civita Castellana, Italy.
¹⁵ Emergency Department, Trauma Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
¹⁷ Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA USA.
¹⁸ Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
¹⁹ General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Maggiore Hospital Trauma Center, Bologna, Italy.
²⁰ Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil.
²¹ Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India.
²² Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Assia Medical Group, Tel Aviv, Israel.
²³ Acute Surgical Unit, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT Australia.
²⁴ Surgical Department, Mozyr City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.
²⁵ Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Holland Netherlands.
²⁶ University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
²⁷ Meilahti Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁸ Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA.
²⁹ Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
³⁰ Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
³¹ First General Surgery Clinic, University Hospital St. George/Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
³² Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
³³ Shock Trauma Center, Critical Care Services, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
³⁴ Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.
³⁵ Taviloglu Proctology Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
³⁶ Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
³⁷ Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA.
³⁸ DHS, Srinagar, Kashmir India.
³⁹ Trauma and General Surgery & The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
⁴⁰ Infectious Disease Unit, Teaching Hospital, S. Orsola-Malpighi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
⁴¹ Letterkenny University Hospital & Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Donegal, Ireland.
⁴² Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.
⁴³ Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
⁴⁴ Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK.

PMID: 27307785
PMCID: PMC4908702
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5

Review

2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis

L Ansaloni et al. World J Emerg Surg. 2016.

. 2016 Jun 14:11:25.

doi: 10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy.
² Department of Surgery, UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
³ Department of Surgical Research, Medical Univeristy of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁴ Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery of the University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
⁵ Department of General Surgery, Adria Civil Hospital, Adria (RO), Italy.
⁶ University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
⁷ Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia.
⁸ Acute Care Surgery, Queen's Medical Center, School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA.
⁹ Department of Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy.
¹⁰ University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
¹¹ Unit of Digestive, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor Hospital AP-HP, Université Paris Est-UPEC, Créteil, France.
¹² Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA.
¹³ General Surgery - Day Surgery Istituto Clinico Sant'Ambrogio, Insubria University, Milan, Italy.
¹⁴ Ospedale San Giovanni Decollato - Andosilla, Civita Castellana, Italy.
¹⁵ Emergency Department, Trauma Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
¹⁷ Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA USA.
¹⁸ Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA.
¹⁹ General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Maggiore Hospital Trauma Center, Bologna, Italy.
²⁰ Division of Trauma Surgery, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP Brazil.
²¹ Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India.
²² Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Assia Medical Group, Tel Aviv, Israel.
²³ Acute Surgical Unit, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT Australia.
²⁴ Surgical Department, Mozyr City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.
²⁵ Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Holland Netherlands.
²⁶ University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
²⁷ Meilahti Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
²⁸ Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA.
²⁹ Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
³⁰ Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
³¹ First General Surgery Clinic, University Hospital St. George/Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
³² Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy.
³³ Shock Trauma Center, Critical Care Services, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA.
³⁴ Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.
³⁵ Taviloglu Proctology Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
³⁶ Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
³⁷ Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA.
³⁸ DHS, Srinagar, Kashmir India.
³⁹ Trauma and General Surgery & The University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
⁴⁰ Infectious Disease Unit, Teaching Hospital, S. Orsola-Malpighi Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
⁴¹ Letterkenny University Hospital & Donegal Clinical Research Academy, Donegal, Ireland.
⁴² Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.
⁴³ Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
⁴⁴ Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK.

PMID: 27307785
PMCID: PMC4908702
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5

Erratum in

Erratum to: 2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis.
Ansaloni L, Pisano M, Coccolini F, Peitzmann AB, Fingerhut A, Catena F, Agresta F, Allegri A, Bailey I, Balogh ZJ, Bendinelli C, Biffl W, Bonavina L, Borzellino G, Brunetti F, Burlew CC, Camapanelli G, Campanile FC, Ceresoli M, Chiara O, Civil I, Coimbra R, De Moya M, Di Saverio S, Fraga GP, Gupta S, Kashuk J, Kelly MD, Khokha V, Jeekel H, Latifi R, Leppaniemi A, Maier RV, Marzi I, Moore F, Piazzalunga D, Sakakushev B, Sartelli M, Scalea T, Stahel PF, Taviloglu K, Tugnoli G, Uraneus S, Velmahos GC, Wani I, Weber DG, Viale P, Sugrue M, Ivatury R, Kluger Y, Gurusamy KS, Moore EE. Ansaloni L, et al. World J Emerg Surg. 2016 Nov 4;11:52. doi: 10.1186/s13017-016-0088-z. eCollection 2016. World J Emerg Surg. 2016. PMID: 27822294 Free PMC article.

Abstract

Acute calculus cholecystitis is a very common disease with several area of uncertainty. The World Society of Emergency Surgery developed extensive guidelines in order to cover grey areas. The diagnostic criteria, the antimicrobial therapy, the evaluation of associated common bile duct stones, the identification of "high risk" patients, the surgical timing, the type of surgery, and the alternatives to surgery are discussed. Moreover the algorithm is proposed: as soon as diagnosis is made and after the evaluation of choledocholitiasis risk, laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be offered to all patients exception of those with high risk of morbidity or mortality. These Guidelines must be considered as an adjunctive tool for decision but they are not substitute of the clinical judgement for the individual patient.

Keywords: Abdominal infections; Acute calcolous cholecystitis; Antibiotic; Biliary tree stones; Cholecystectomy; Diagnosis; Endoscopic ultrasound; Gallbladder percutaneous drainage; Magnetic resonance; Surgical risk.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Comprehensive algorithm for the treatment of Acute Calculous Cholecystitis. ACC: acute calculous cholecystitis; CBD: common bile duct; DLC: delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy; ELC: early laparoscopic cholecystectomy; ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreateography; EUS: endoscopic ultrasound; IOC: intraoperative cholangiography; LUS: laparoscopic ultrasound; MRCP magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis

Affiliations

2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

Figures

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical