Prognostic contributions of Helix pomatia and carcinoembryonic antigen staining using histochemical techniques in breast carcinomas

Abstract

Helix Pomatia (HPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) staining were studied in 113 primary breast carcinomas, 63 metastatic lymph nodes and 10 resected local recurrences, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Positive percentage rates were 41 (46/113) for HPA and 24 (27/113) for CEA in primary tumors, and 80 (8/10) for HPA but only 10 (1/10) for CEA in metastatic lesions. HPA staining showed a statistically significant correlation with negative estrogen receptor (ER) status (r -0.25, P = 0.05) and high nuclear grade (r 0.20, P = 0.04). Cancers with positive HPA staining were associated with a lower survival rate than those without (P = 0.0001), irrespective of menopausal status. CEA staining showed a marginal correlation with survival (P = 0.06: log rank test). The five-year survival rate of 21 cases positive for these two markers was only 5%. Multivariate analysis revealed HPA staining to be the best prognostic factor. The data indicated that HPA staining might be a valuable prognostic factor for breast cancer patients, especially when combined with CEA staining.