Direct Observation of the Behaviour of Females with Rett Syndrome

Abstract

The aim was to observe the behaviour of a sample of females with RTT and explore how it was organized in relation to environmental events. Ten participants, all with a less severe form of classic (n = 9) or atypical (n = 1) Rett syndrome (RTT), were filmed at home and at school or day centre. Analysis used real-time data capture software. Observational categories distinguished engagement in social and non-social pursuits, hand stereotypies, self-injury and the receipt of attention from a parent, teacher or carer. Associations between participant behaviour and intake variables and receipt of attention were explored. Concurrent and lagged conditional probabilities between behavioural categories and receipt of attention were calculated. Receipt of adult attention was high. Engagement in activity using the hands was associated with a less severe condition and greater developmental age. Engagement in activity, whether using the hands or not, and social engagement were positively associated with receipt of support. The extent of hand stereotypies varied greatly across participants but was independent of environmental events. Six participants self-injured. There was some evidence that self-injury was related to adult attention. Participants appeared to experience a carer and attention rich environment and their levels of engagement seemed high as a result. As in the more general literature, engagement in activity was related to personal development and to social support. Self-injury contrasted with hand stereotypies in having possible environmental function.

Keywords: Intellectual disabilities; Rett syndrome; activity; observation of behaviour; self-injury.

Fig. 1

Conditional probability of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) 100 s before and after the onset of adult attention and the unconditional probability of SIB* * The horizontal line indicates the unconditional probability of SIB. The vertical line indicates the onset of adult attention. The dotted line indicates the conditional probability of SIB before and after the onset of adult attention. The shaded area indicates that the unconditional probability is significantly different from the conditional probability (absolute Yule’s Q > 0.3)