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Review
. 2016 Dec;3(1):23.
doi: 10.1186/s40348-016-0051-9. Epub 2016 Jun 29.

Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: when inflammation meets organ development

Tayyab Shahzad  1   2 , Sarah Radajewski  1   2 , Cho-Ming Chao  1   2 , Saverio Bellusci  2 , Harald Ehrhardt  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: when inflammation meets organ development

Tayyab Shahzad et al. Mol Cell Pediatr. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease of preterm infants. It is caused by the disturbance of physiologic lung development mainly in the saccular stage with lifelong restrictions of pulmonary function and an increased risk of abnormal somatic and psychomotor development. The contributors to this disease's entity are multifactorial with pre- and postnatal origin. Central to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary is the induction of a massive pulmonary inflammatory response due to mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity. The extent of the pro-inflammatory reaction and the disturbance of further alveolar growth and vasculogenesis vary largely and can be modified by prenatal infections, antenatal steroids, and surfactant application.This minireview summarizes the important recent research findings on the pulmonary inflammatory reaction obtained in patient cohorts and in experimental models. Unfortunately, recent changes in clinical practice based on these findings had only limited impact on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Keywords: Alveologenesis; Antenatal steroids; Apoptosis; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Chronic lung disease of the preterm infant; Infection; Inflammation; Lung development; Surfactant; Vasculogenesis.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Central risk factors for BPD development. Depicted are the central pre-/perinatal and postnatal risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of BPD
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pathogenesis of BPD: impact of the pulmonary inflammatory response on the premature lung. The scheme summarizes the effects of the pulmonary inflammatory response on alveolar and vascular development and the central components of lung development in the mesenchymal interstitium
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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