GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
Affiliations
- 1 LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
- 2 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
- 3 American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- 4 Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy.
- 5 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
- 6 University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- 7 LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.
- 8 Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
- 9 University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy.
- 10 Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
- 11 Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 12 LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 13 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 14 INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- 15 INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
- 16 Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India.
- 17 International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India.
- 18 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
- 19 Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
- 20 Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
- 21 INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
- 22 Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
- 23 The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
- 24 California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA.
- 25 LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
- 26 Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India.
- 27 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
- 28 University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
- 29 Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- 30 INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 31 Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- 32 APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
- 33 Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
- 34 Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
- 35 INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
- 36 European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy.
- 37 Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
- 38 SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
- 39 LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
- 40 Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary.
- 41 Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
- 42 Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
- 43 Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
- 44 INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
- 45 CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland.
- 46 University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
- 47 Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy.
- 48 INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy.
- 49 RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India.
- 50 Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- 51 SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom.
- 52 University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
- 53 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 54 Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CS 34229, Nice cedex 4, France.
- 55 Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France.
- 56 Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
- 57 Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
- 58 INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
- 59 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
- 60 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France.
- 61 Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
- 62 Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland.
- 63 VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 64 University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 65 Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
- 66 Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- 67 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- 68 Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
- 69 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
- 70 RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- 71 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- 72 Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
- 73 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
- 74 National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China.
- 75 Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
- 76 West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
- 77 University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
- 78 Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
- 79 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- 80 Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 81 University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
- 82 Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA.
- 83 Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
- 84 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
- 85 The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- 86 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India.
- 87 The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
- 88 The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
- 89 Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 90 INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 91 Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
- 92 Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA.
- 93 MTA Eötvös University, "Lendulet" Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
- 94 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
- 95 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada.
- 96 School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.
- 97 Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424, India.
- 98 University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
- 99 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA.
- 100 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
- 101 INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131, Napoli, Italy.
- 102 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
- 103 Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.
- 104 Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
- 105 NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
- 106 Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- 107 University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland.
- 108 SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom.
- 109 IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India.
- 110 Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
- 111 Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
- 112 Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
- 113 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
- 114 NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland.
- 115 IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland.
- 116 Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- 117 Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- 118 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- 119 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA.
- 120 University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
- 121 ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
- 122 Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
- 123 Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
- 124 College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
- 125 Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil.
- 126 University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom.
- 127 IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India.
- 128 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
- 129 Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 USA.
- 130 National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea.
- 131 Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon, France.
- 132 Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA.
- 133 Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland.
- 134 King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
- 135 Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA.
- 136 Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
- 137 Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA.
- 138 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
- 139 Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA.
- 140 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
- 141 Caltech JPL, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
- PMID: 27367379
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241103
GW151226: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a 22-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence
Authors
Affiliations
- 1 LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
- 2 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
- 3 American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
- 4 Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy.
- 5 INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
- 6 University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
- 7 LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.
- 8 Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France.
- 9 University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy.
- 10 Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
- 11 Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 12 LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 13 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 14 INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- 15 INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
- 16 Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India.
- 17 International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India.
- 18 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.
- 19 Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
- 20 Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
- 21 INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
- 22 Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
- 23 The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.
- 24 California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA.
- 25 LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
- 26 Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India.
- 27 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy.
- 28 University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
- 29 Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- 30 INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 31 Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- 32 APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
- 33 Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA.
- 34 Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
- 35 INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
- 36 European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy.
- 37 Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
- 38 SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
- 39 LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
- 40 Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary.
- 41 Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
- 42 Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
- 43 Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
- 44 INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
- 45 CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland.
- 46 University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
- 47 Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy.
- 48 INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy.
- 49 RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India.
- 50 Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- 51 SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom.
- 52 University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
- 53 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 54 Artemis, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Côte d'Azur, CS 34229, Nice cedex 4, France.
- 55 Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France.
- 56 Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
- 57 Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", I-61029 Urbino, Italy.
- 58 INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
- 59 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.
- 60 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France.
- 61 Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA.
- 62 Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland.
- 63 VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 64 University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 65 Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
- 66 Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), CNRS/IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- 67 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- 68 Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
- 69 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
- 70 RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- 71 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- 72 Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
- 73 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
- 74 National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China.
- 75 Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia.
- 76 West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
- 77 University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
- 78 Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
- 79 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.
- 80 Università di Roma "La Sapienza", I-00185 Roma, Italy.
- 81 University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
- 82 Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA.
- 83 Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
- 84 University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
- 85 The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
- 86 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India.
- 87 The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
- 88 The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
- 89 Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 90 INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 91 Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
- 92 Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA.
- 93 MTA Eötvös University, "Lendulet" Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
- 94 National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan.
- 95 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada.
- 96 School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.
- 97 Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424, India.
- 98 University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
- 99 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA.
- 100 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.
- 101 INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131, Napoli, Italy.
- 102 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
- 103 Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.
- 104 Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
- 105 NCSA, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
- 106 Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- 107 University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland.
- 108 SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom.
- 109 IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India.
- 110 Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
- 111 Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
- 112 Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
- 113 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
- 114 NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland.
- 115 IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland.
- 116 Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- 117 Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- 118 The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- 119 University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA.
- 120 University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
- 121 ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
- 122 Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy.
- 123 Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
- 124 College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
- 125 Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil.
- 126 University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom.
- 127 IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India.
- 128 Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
- 129 Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 USA.
- 130 National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea.
- 131 Université de Lyon, F-69361 Lyon, France.
- 132 Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA.
- 133 Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland.
- 134 King's College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
- 135 Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA.
- 136 Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
- 137 Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA.
- 138 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
- 139 Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA.
- 140 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
- 141 Caltech JPL, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
- PMID: 27367379
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241103
Abstract
We report the observation of a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of two stellar-mass black holes. The signal, GW151226, was observed by the twin detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) on December 26, 2015 at 03:38:53 UTC. The signal was initially identified within 70 s by an online matched-filter search targeting binary coalescences. Subsequent off-line analyses recovered GW151226 with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a significance greater than 5σ. The signal persisted in the LIGO frequency band for approximately 1 s, increasing in frequency and amplitude over about 55 cycles from 35 to 450 Hz, and reached a peak gravitational strain of 3.4_{-0.9}^{+0.7}×10^{-22}. The inferred source-frame initial black hole masses are 14.2_{-3.7}^{+8.3}M_{⊙} and 7.5_{-2.3}^{+2.3}M_{⊙}, and the final black hole mass is 20.8_{-1.7}^{+6.1}M_{⊙}. We find that at least one of the component black holes has spin greater than 0.2. This source is located at a luminosity distance of 440_{-190}^{+180} Mpc corresponding to a redshift of 0.09_{-0.04}^{+0.03}. All uncertainties define a 90% credible interval. This second gravitational-wave observation provides improved constraints on stellar populations and on deviations from general relativity.
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Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger.Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abernathy MR, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin PA, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arai K, Arain MA, Araya MC, Arceneaux CC, Areeda JS, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader MK, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Behnke B, Bejger M, Belczynski C, Bell AS, Bell CJ, Berger BK, Bergman J, Bergmann G, Berry CP, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bogan C, Bohe A, Bojtos P, Bond C, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Branchesi M, … See abstract for full author list ➔ Abbott BP, et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2016 Feb 12;116(6):061102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102. Epub 2016 Feb 11. Phys Rev Lett. 2016. PMID: 26918975
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GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2.Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Afrough M, Agarwal B, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston SM, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, AultONeal K, Avila-Alvarez A, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader MKM, Bae S, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Baune C, Bawaj M, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Beer C, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Bell AS, Berger BK, Bergmann G, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Billman CR, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blackman J, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bode N, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bohe A, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, B… See abstract for full author list ➔ Abbott BP, et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Jun 2;118(22):221101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.221101. Epub 2017 Jun 1. Phys Rev Lett. 2017. PMID: 28621973
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GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence.Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Afrough M, Agarwal B, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Angelova SV, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston SM, Astone P, Atallah DV, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, AultONeal K, Austin C, Avila-Alvarez A, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader MKM, Bae S, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barkett K, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Barthelmy SD, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch JC, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Beer C, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Bell AS, Berger BK, Bergmann G, Bero JJ, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Billman CR, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blackman J, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bloemen S, Bock O, Bode N, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bo… See abstract for full author list ➔ Abbott BP, et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Oct 6;119(14):141101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.141101. Epub 2017 Oct 6. Phys Rev Lett. 2017. PMID: 29053306
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Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Allen G, Allocca A, Aloy MA, Altin PA, Amato A, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Arun KG, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Avendano V, Avila-Alvarez A, Babak S, Bacon P, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae SW, Bae YB, Baiotti L, Bajpai R, Baker PT, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barayoga JC, Barclay SE, Barish BC, Barker D, Barkett K, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Bell AS, Beniwal D, Berger BK, Bergmann G, Bernuzzi S, Bero JJ, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bidler J, Bilenko IA, Bilgili SA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blair CD, Blair DG,… See abstract for full author list ➔ Abbott BP, et al. Living Rev Relativ. 2020;23(1):3. doi: 10.1007/s41114-020-00026-9. Epub 2020 Sep 28. Living Rev Relativ. 2020. PMID: 33015351 Free PMC article. Review.
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On networks of space-based gravitational-wave detectors.Cai RG, Guo ZK, Hu B, Liu C, Lu Y, Ni WT, Ruan WH, Seto N, Wang G, Wu YL. Cai RG, et al. Fundam Res. 2023 Nov 8;4(5):1072-1085. doi: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.007. eCollection 2024 Sep. Fundam Res. 2023. PMID: 39659501 Free PMC article. Review.
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Corrected Thermodynamics of Black Holes in f(R) Gravity with Electrodynamic Field and Cosmological Constant.Xu M, Zhang Y, Yang L, Yang S, Lu J. Xu M, et al. Entropy (Basel). 2024 Oct 15;26(10):868. doi: 10.3390/e26100868. Entropy (Basel). 2024. PMID: 39451945 Free PMC article.
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Small-Sized Interferometer with Fabry-Perot Resonators for Gravitational Wave Detection.Petrov N, Pustovoit V. Petrov N, et al. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Mar 8;21(5):1877. doi: 10.3390/s21051877. Sensors (Basel). 2021. PMID: 33800196 Free PMC article.
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The promises of gravitational-wave astronomy.Martin IW, Andersson N, Hough J, Mundell C. Martin IW, et al. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018 May 28;376(2120):20180105. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0105. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2018. PMID: 29661982 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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Precision cosmology from future lensed gravitational wave and electromagnetic signals.Liao K, Fan XL, Ding X, Biesiada M, Zhu ZH. Liao K, et al. Nat Commun. 2017 Oct 27;8(1):1148. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01152-9. Nat Commun. 2017. PMID: 29074973 Free PMC article.