Restoration of Elbow Flexion

Abstract

Active elbow flexion is required to position the hand in space, and loss of this function is debilitating. Nerve transfers or nerve grafts to restore elbow flexion may be options when the target muscle is viable, but in delayed reconstruction when the biceps and brachialis are atrophied or damaged, muscle transfer options should be considered. Muscle transfer options are discussed with attention to the advantages and disadvantages of each transfer option.

Keywords: Elbow flexion; Latissimus dorsi; Pectoralis major; Steindler flexorplasty; Tendon transfer; Triceps to biceps.