Anaphylaxis to IVIG

Abstract

Anaphylactic reactions are a known complication in some IgA-deficient patients receiving blood or plasma transfusions. It is of particular interest that anaphylaxis has been observed in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) who are receiving intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG), and in that, although these patients have an impaired response to common vaccines, they retain the ability to produce autoantibodies. In this study, we review IgA antibodies (both IgG- and IgE-mediated reactions) in patients with CVID and hypogammaglobulinemia, anaphylaxis in antibody immunodeficient patients receiving IVIG, and proposed mechanisms of desensitization and prevention of anaphylactic reactions in immunodeficient patients receiving IVIG. We summarize and assess the 23 case reports documented in the literature that have described anaphylactic reactions in immunodeficient patients receiving IVIG since 1962 until currently, and make a comparison of their immunoglobulin levels, IgG anti-IgA, IgE anti-IgA, concentration of IVIG, IgA content in IVIG, method used to detect antibodies, length of treatment, and any subsequent tolerated treatment documented.

Keywords: Anaphylactic; Anaphylaxis; Autoantibodies; CVID; IVIG; IgA; IgE; IgG.