Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Stabilization of Nickel and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: A Green Adeptness

Abstract

Green protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been attracting a lot of attention because they are eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective. Nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by green routes and characterized for impact of green chemistry on the properties and biological effects of nanoparticles in the last five years. Green synthesis, properties, and applications of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been reported in the literature. This review summarizes the synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles using different biological systems. This review also provides comparative overview of influence of chemical synthesis and green synthesis on structural properties of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles and their biological behavior. It concludes that green methods for synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles are better than chemical synthetic methods.

Figure 1

Mechanism of plant mediated synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.

Figure 2

Mechanism of microbes mediated synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.

Figure 3

Growth of nanoparticles by different ways and their resulting geometrical shapes.

Figure 4

Comparison of antibacterial activities of NiGs, NiCs, NiCl₂, DG, positive control, and negative control.

Figure 5

Comparison of effectiveness of Ni nanoparticles against different bacterial strains.

Figure 6

Effect of washing cycles on the antibacterial activity of NiO nanoparticles coated cotton fabric.