Hypocholesterolemic effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria senegambica Baker on plasma lipid profile and atherogenic indices of rats fed egg yolk supplemented diet

Abstract

The effects of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria senegambica on daily weight gain, lipid profile and atherogenic indices of rats fed egg yolk supplemented diet was studied. The control group was given normal feed while the other three groups received 50 g egg yolk/kg feed. The extract was orally administered daily at 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight; while the test control and control groups received appropriate volumes of water by the same route. On gas chromatographic analysis of the aqueous crude extract, the phytosterol and tannins fractions contained 100 % of β-sitosterol and tannic acid respectively. The mean daily weight gain of the test control group was higher though not significantly, than those of the other groups. The plasma total cholesterol levels, cardiac risk ratio and atherogenic coefficient of the test control group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the test groups, but not significantly higher than that of the control group. The plasma low density lipoprotein and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of the test control group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the control and test groups. The plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol of the test control group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control group, but not significantly lower than those of the test groups. There were no significant differences in the plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the atherogenic index of plasma of all the groups. These results indicate a dose-dependent hypocholesterolemic effect of the extract, thus suggesting a likely protective role of the extract against the development of cardiovascular diseases. It also revealed the presence of pharmacologically active agents in the leaves.

Keywords: Sansevieria senegambica; atherogenic indices; beta-sitosterol; lipid profile; tannic acid.

Table 1. Table 1: Phytosterol and tannin composition of the aqueous extract of Sansevieria senegambica leaves

Table 2. Effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria senegambica on the plasma lipid profiles of rats fed egg yolk supplemented diet

Table 3. Effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria senegambica on atherogenic indices of rats fed egg yolk supplemented diet

Figure 1. Sansevieria senegambica Baker

Figure 2. Chromatogram of the tannin composition of the aqueous extract of Sansevieria senegambica leaves

Figure 3. Chromatogram of the tannin standard

Figure 4. Chromatogram of the phytosterol composition of the aqueous extract of Sansevieria senegambica leaves

Figure 5. Chromatogram of the phytosterol standard mixture

Figure 6. Effect of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Sansevieria senegambica on daily weight gain of rats fed egg yolk supplemented diet

Values are mean ± SD, n=5, per group ^aValues with the same superscripts were not significantly different at P<0.05.