Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2016 Jul 12;5(3):50.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens5030050.

A Review of Evidence that Equine Influenza Viruses Are Zoonotic

Tai Xie  1   2 , Benjamin D Anderson  3 , Ulziimaa Daramragchaa  4 , Maitsetset Chuluunbaatar  5 , Gregory C Gray  6
Affiliations
Review

A Review of Evidence that Equine Influenza Viruses Are Zoonotic

Tai Xie et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Among scientists, there exist mixed opinions whether equine influenza viruses infect man. In this report, we summarize a 2016 systematic and comprehensive review of the English, Chinese, and Mongolian scientific literature regarding evidence for equine influenza virus infections in man. Searches of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ProQuest, CNKI, Chongqing VIP Database, Wanfang Data and MongolMed yielded 2831 articles, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria for this review. Considering these 16 publications, there was considerable experimental and observational evidence that at least H3N8 equine influenza viruses have occasionally infected man. In this review we summarize the most salient scientific reports.

Keywords: H3N8; epidemiology; equine influenza; influenza A; zoonotic diseases.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the literature search process. By the search strategy, a total of 2831 articles were identified which was comprised of 1694 English language articles, 1129 Chinese, 7 Mongolian, and 1 Russian report. Duplicate articles were removed. See text for more details. * CNKI = Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure; ** EIV = Equine Influenza Virus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. James L. Influenza in Horses—Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. Government Printing Office; Washington, DC, USA: 1872. pp. 203–248.
    1. Morens D.M., Taubenberger J.K. Historical thoughts on influenza viral ecosystems, or behold a pale horse, dead dogs, failing fowl, and sick swine. Influenza Other Respi. Viruses. 2010;4:327–337. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00148.x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Morens D.M., Taubenberger J.K. An avian outbreak associated with panzootic equine influenza in 1872: An early example of highly pathogenic avian influenza? Influenza Other Respi. Viruses. 2010;4:373–377. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00181.x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sovinova O., Tumova B., Pouska F., Nemec J. Isolation of a virus causing respiratory disease in horses. Acta Virol. 1958;2:52–61. - PubMed
    1. Landolt G.A. Equine influenza virus. Vet. Clin. N Am. Equine. Pract. 2014;30:507–522. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.08.003. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources