[PPARs Mediate the Regulation of Energy Metabolism By Long-Chain Fatty Acids]

Abstract

PPAR-alpha expressed primarily in liver is essential for metabolic adaptation to starvation by inducing genes for beta-oxidation and ketogenesis to increase the utility of LCFAs and fibroblast growth factor 21. PPAR-delta induces genes for LCFA oxidation during fasting and endurance exercise in skeletal muscle. PPAR-delta also regulates glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing FOXO1 and PGC1-alpha. PPAR-gamma can induces the pathways to store LCFAs as triglycerides in adipocytes. Adiponectin, another important target of PPAR-gamma may maintain insulin sensitivity between adipocytes. The present review summarize that PPARs mediate the regulation of energy metabolism by long-chain fatty acids.