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. 2016 Jul 6:9:31-42.
doi: 10.4137/NMI.S38374. eCollection 2016.

Development and Validation of a Data-Based Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults in Eastern Rural Area of Rwanda

Ayumi Yanagisawa  1 , Noriko Sudo  2 , Yukiko Amitani  1 , Yuko Caballero  1 , Makiko Sekiyama  3 , Christine Mukamugema  4 , Takuya Matsuoka  5 , Hiroaki Imanishi  5 , Takayo Sasaki  5 , Hirotaka Matsuda  3
Affiliations

Development and Validation of a Data-Based Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adults in Eastern Rural Area of Rwanda

Ayumi Yanagisawa et al. Nutr Metab Insights. .

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for rural Rwandans. Since our FFQ was developed to assess malnutrition, it measured energy, protein, vitamin A, and iron intakes only. We collected 260 weighed food records (WFRs) from a total of 162 Rwandans. Based on the WFR data, we developed a tentative FFQ and examined the food list by percent contribution to energy and nutrient intakes. To assess the validity, nutrient intakes estimated from the FFQ were compared with those calculated from three-day WFRs by correlation coefficient and cross-classification for 17 adults. Cumulative contributions of the 18-item FFQ to the total intakes of energy and nutrients reached nearly 100%. Crude and energy-adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from -0.09 (vitamin A) to 0.58 (protein) and from -0.19 (vitamin A) to 0.68 (iron), respectively. About 50%-60% of the participants were classified into the same tertile. Our FFQ provided acceptable validity for energy and iron intakes and could rank Rwandan adults in eastern rural area correctly according to their energy and iron intakes.

Keywords: Rwanda; dietary assessment; food frequency questionnaire; relative validity; weighed food record.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Location of Rukara and Mwiri sectors in Kayonza district, Eastern Province, Rwanda. Notes: *Area of Mwiri sector is not containing Akagera National Park. Modified from http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=4895&lang=en.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The number of participants by analyses. Abbreviations: WFR, weighed food record; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Design for validation study. Abbreviations: WFR, weighed food record; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Selection of food items listed in food frequency questionnaire.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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