Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

Massimo Sartelli¹, Dieter G Weber², Etienne Ruppé³, Matteo Bassetti⁴, Brian J Wright⁵, Luca Ansaloni⁶, Fausto Catena⁷, Federico Coccolini⁸, Fikri M Abu-Zidan⁹, Raul Coimbra¹⁰, Ernest E Moore¹¹, Frederick A Moore¹², Ronald V Maier¹³, Jan J De Waele¹⁴, Andrew W Kirkpatrick¹⁵, Ewen A Griffiths¹⁶, Christian Eckmann¹⁷, Adrian J Brink¹⁸, John E Mazuski¹⁹, Addison K May²⁰, Rob G Sawyer²¹, Dominik Mertz²², Philippe Montravers²³, Anand Kumar²⁴, Jason A Roberts²⁵, Jean-Louis Vincent²⁶, Richard R Watkins²⁷, Warren Lowman²⁸, Brad Spellberg²⁹, Iain J Abbott³⁰, Abdulrashid Kayode Adesunkanmi³¹, Sara Al-Dahir³², Majdi N Al-Hasan³³, Ferdinando Agresta³⁴, Asma A Althani³⁵, Shamshul Ansari³⁶, Rashid Ansumana³⁷, Goran Augustin³⁸, Miklosh Bala³⁹, Zsolt J Balogh⁴⁰, Oussama Baraket⁴¹, Aneel Bhangu⁴², Marcelo A Beltrán⁴³, Michael Bernhard⁴⁴, Walter L Biffl⁴⁵, Marja A Boermeester⁴⁶, Stephen M Brecher⁴⁷, Jill R Cherry-Bukowiec⁴⁸, Otmar R Buyne⁴⁹, Miguel A Cainzos⁵⁰, Kelly A Cairns⁵¹, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz⁵², Sujith J Chandy⁵³, Asri Che Jusoh⁵⁴, Alain Chichom-Mefire⁵⁵, Caroline Colijn⁵⁶, Francesco Corcione⁵⁷, Yunfeng Cui⁵⁸, Daniel Curcio⁵⁹, Samir Delibegovic⁶⁰, Zaza Demetrashvili⁶¹, Belinda De Simone⁶², Sameer Dhingra⁶³, José J Diaz⁶⁴, Isidoro Di Carlo⁶⁵, Angel Dillip⁶⁶, Salomone Di Saverio⁶⁷, Michael P Doyle⁶⁸, Gereltuya Dorj⁶⁹, Agron Dogjani⁷⁰, Hervé Dupont⁷¹, Soumitra R Eachempati⁷², Mushira Abdulaziz Enani⁷³, Valery N Egiev⁷⁴, Mutasim M Elmangory⁷⁵, Paula Ferrada⁷⁶, Joseph R Fitchett⁷⁷, Gustavo P Fraga⁷⁸, Nathalie Guessennd⁷⁹, Helen Giamarellou⁸⁰, Wagih Ghnnam⁸¹, George Gkiokas⁸², Staphanie R Goldberg⁷⁶, Carlos Augusto Gomes⁸³, Harumi Gomi⁸⁴, Manuel Guzmán-Blanco⁸⁵, Mainul Haque⁸⁶, Sonja Hansen⁸⁷, Andreas Hecker⁸⁸, Wolfgang R Heizmann⁸⁹, Torsten Herzog⁹⁰, Adrien Montcho Hodonou⁹¹, Suk-Kyung Hong⁹², Reinhold Kafka-Ritsch⁹³, Lewis J Kaplan⁹⁴, Garima Kapoor⁹⁵, Aleksandar Karamarkovic⁹⁶, Martin G Kees⁹⁷, Jakub Kenig⁹⁸, Ronald Kiguba⁹⁹, Peter K Kim¹⁰⁰, Yoram Kluger¹⁰¹, Vladimir Khokha¹⁰², Kaoru Koike¹⁰³, Kenneth Y Y Kok¹⁰⁴, Victory Kong¹⁰⁵, Matthew C Knox¹⁰⁶, Kenji Inaba¹⁰⁷, Arda Isik¹⁰⁸, Katia Iskandar¹⁰⁹, Rao R Ivatury⁷⁶, Maurizio Labbate¹¹⁰, Francesco M Labricciosa¹¹¹, Pierre-François Laterre¹¹², Rifat Latifi¹¹³, Jae Gil Lee¹¹⁴, Young Ran Lee¹¹⁵, Marc Leone¹¹⁶, Ari Leppaniemi¹¹⁷, Yousheng Li¹¹⁸, Stephen Y Liang¹¹⁹, Tonny Loho¹²⁰, Marc Maegele¹²¹, Sydney Malama¹²², Hany E Marei³⁵, Ignacio Martin-Loeches¹²³, Sanjay Marwah¹²⁴, Amos Massele¹²⁵, Michael McFarlane¹²⁶, Renato Bessa Melo¹²⁷, Ionut Negoi¹²⁸, David P Nicolau¹²⁹, Carl Erik Nord¹³⁰, Richard Ofori-Asenso¹³¹, AbdelKarim H Omari¹³², Carlos A Ordonez¹³³, Mouaqit Ouadii¹³⁴, Gerson Alves Pereira Júnior¹³⁵, Diego Piazza¹³⁶, Guntars Pupelis¹³⁷, Timothy Miles Rawson¹³⁸, Miran Rems¹³⁹, Sandro Rizoli¹⁴⁰, Claudio Rocha¹⁴¹, Boris Sakakushev¹⁴², Miguel Sanchez-Garcia¹⁴³, Norio Sato¹⁰³, Helmut A Segovia Lohse¹⁴⁴, Gabriele Sganga¹⁴⁵, Boonying Siribumrungwong¹⁴⁶, Vishal G Shelat¹⁴⁷, Kjetil Soreide¹⁴⁸, Rodolfo Soto¹⁴⁹, Peep Talving¹⁵⁰, Jonathan V Tilsed¹⁵¹, Jean-Francois Timsit¹⁵², Gabriel Trueba¹⁵³, Ngo Tat Trung¹⁵⁴, Jan Ulrych¹⁵⁵, Harry van Goor⁴⁹, Andras Vereczkei¹⁵⁶, Ravinder S Vohra¹⁵⁷, Imtiaz Wani¹⁵⁸, Waldemar Uhl⁹⁰, Yonghong Xiao¹⁵⁹, Kuo-Ching Yuan¹⁶⁰, Sanoop K Zachariah¹⁶¹, Jean-Ralph Zahar¹⁶², Tanya L Zakrison¹⁶³, Antonio Corcione¹⁶⁴, Rita M Melotti¹⁶⁵, Claudio Viscoli¹⁶⁶, Perluigi Viale¹⁶⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy.
² Department of Trauma Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
³ Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁴ Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy.
⁵ Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY USA.
⁶ General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
⁷ Department of General, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.
⁸ Department of Surgery, "Infermi" Hospital, Rimini, Italy.
⁹ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, USA.
¹¹ Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.
¹² Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, and Center for Sepsis and Critical Illness Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA.
¹³ Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.
¹⁴ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
¹⁵ General, Acute Care, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada.
¹⁶ General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁷ Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Academic Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Clinical microbiology, Ampath National Laboratory Services, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁹ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
²⁰ Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA.
²¹ Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.
²² Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.
²³ Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Bichat Claude-Bernard-HUPNVS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
²⁴ Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.
²⁵ Australia Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital; Burns, Trauma, and Critical Care Research Centre, Australia School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia.
²⁶ Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
²⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Akron General Medical Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, OH USA.
²⁸ Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (USC) Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA USA.
³⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC Australia.
³¹ Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
³² Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA USA.
³³ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC USA.
³⁴ General Surgery, ULSS19 del Veneto, Adria Hospital, RO, Italy.
³⁵ Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
³⁶ Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, and Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
³⁷ Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, and Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone.
³⁸ Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
³⁹ Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
⁴⁰ Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia.
⁴¹ Department of Surgery, Bizerte Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia.
⁴² Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
⁴³ Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.
⁴⁴ Emergency Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
⁴⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁷ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA.
⁴⁸ Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁵⁰ Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
⁵¹ Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia.
⁵² Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico.
⁵³ Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala India.
⁵⁴ Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia.
⁵⁵ Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.
⁵⁶ Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁵⁷ Department of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
⁵⁸ Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
⁵⁹ Infectología Institucional SRL, Hospital Municipal Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶⁰ Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
⁶¹ Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.
⁶² Department of Surgery, Quatre Villes Hospital, St Cloud, France.
⁶³ School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago.
⁶⁴ Division of Acute Care Surgery, Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA.
⁶⁵ Department of Surgical Sciences, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
⁶⁶ Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
⁶⁷ Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
⁶⁸ Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA USA.
⁶⁹ School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
⁷⁰ Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.
⁷¹ Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Amiens-Picardie, and INSERM U1088, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
⁷² Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Critical Care, and Trauma Surgery (K.P.S., S.R.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
⁷³ Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷⁴ Department of Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
⁷⁵ Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
⁷⁶ Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.
⁷⁷ Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.
⁷⁸ Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP Brazil.
⁷⁹ Institut Pasteur, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
⁸⁰ 6th Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁸¹ Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
⁸² 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁸³ Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitário Terezinha de Jesus, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
⁸⁴ Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki Japan.
⁸⁵ Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Caracas and Hospital Vargas de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
⁸⁶ Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defense Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁸⁷ Institute of Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
⁸⁸ Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁸⁹ Orgamed Consulting, Bad Griesbach, Germany.
⁹⁰ Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
⁹¹ Department of Surgery, Faculté de médecine, Université de Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Bénin.
⁹² Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
⁹³ Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
⁹⁴ Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
⁹⁵ Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.
⁹⁶ Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
⁹⁷ Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
⁹⁸ 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
⁹⁹ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA.
¹⁰¹ Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
¹⁰² Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.
¹⁰³ Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
¹⁰⁴ Department of Surgery, The Brunei Cancer Centre, Jerudong Park, Brunei.
¹⁰⁵ Department of Surgery, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹⁰⁶ School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW Australia.
¹⁰⁷ Division of Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
¹⁰⁸ Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹¹⁰ School of Life Science and The ithree Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW Australia.
¹¹¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, UNIVMP, Ancona, Italy.
¹¹² Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.
¹¹³ Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
¹¹⁴ Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁵ Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX USA.
¹¹⁶ Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
¹¹⁷ Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.
¹¹⁸ Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
¹¹⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA.
¹²⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
¹²¹ Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne, Germany.
¹²² Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹²³ Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Wellcome Trust-HRB Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
¹²⁴ Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.
¹²⁵ Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
¹²⁶ Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
¹²⁷ General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
¹²⁸ Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
¹²⁹ Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford, CT USA.
¹³⁰ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹³¹ Research Unit, Health Policy Consult, Weija-Accra, Ghana.
¹³² Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan.
¹³³ Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
¹³⁴ Department of Surgery, Hassan II University Hospital, Medical School of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Benabdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
¹³⁵ Division of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
¹³⁶ Division of Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, Catania, Italy.
¹³⁷ Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga, Latvia.
¹³⁸ National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
¹³⁹ Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia.
¹⁴⁰ Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
¹⁴¹ U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit N° 6, Callao, Peru.
¹⁴² General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
¹⁴³ Intensive Care Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁴⁴ II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
¹⁴⁵ Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
¹⁴⁶ Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
¹⁴⁷ Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.
¹⁴⁸ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
¹⁴⁹ Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia.
¹⁵⁰ Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia.
¹⁵¹ Surgery Health Care Group, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.
¹⁵² APHP medical and infectious diseases ICU, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.
¹⁵³ Institute of Microbiology, Biological and Environmental Sciences College, University San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
¹⁵⁴ Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁵⁵ 1st Department of Surgery - Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
¹⁵⁶ Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
¹⁵⁷ Nottingham Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
¹⁵⁸ Department of Surgery, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
¹⁵⁹ State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
¹⁶⁰ Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
¹⁶¹ Department of Surgery, MOSC Medical College Kolenchery, Cochin, India.
¹⁶² Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
¹⁶³ Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgry, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA.
¹⁶⁴ Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, AORN dei Colli Vincenzo Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
¹⁶⁵ Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
¹⁶⁶ Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Genoa (DISSAL) and IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁶⁷ Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant' Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

PMID: 27429642
PMCID: PMC4946132
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0089-y

Review

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

Massimo Sartelli et al. World J Emerg Surg. 2016.

. 2016 Jul 15:11:33.

doi: 10.1186/s13017-016-0089-y. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy.
² Department of Trauma Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
³ Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
⁴ Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy.
⁵ Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY USA.
⁶ General Surgery Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
⁷ Department of General, Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy.
⁸ Department of Surgery, "Infermi" Hospital, Rimini, Italy.
⁹ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, USA.
¹¹ Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO USA.
¹² Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, and Center for Sepsis and Critical Illness Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA.
¹³ Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA.
¹⁴ Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
¹⁵ General, Acute Care, and Trauma Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB Canada.
¹⁶ General and Upper GI Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
¹⁷ Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Academic Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Clinical microbiology, Ampath National Laboratory Services, Milpark Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁹ Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
²⁰ Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA.
²¹ Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA USA.
²² Departments of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.
²³ Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Bichat Claude-Bernard-HUPNVS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
²⁴ Section of Critical Care Medicine and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology/Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.
²⁵ Australia Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital; Burns, Trauma, and Critical Care Research Centre, Australia School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia.
²⁶ Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
²⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Akron General Medical Center, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, OH USA.
²⁸ Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
²⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California (USC) Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA USA.
³⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC Australia.
³¹ Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
³² Division of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA USA.
³³ Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC USA.
³⁴ General Surgery, ULSS19 del Veneto, Adria Hospital, RO, Italy.
³⁵ Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
³⁶ Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, and Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
³⁷ Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, and Mercy Hospital Research Laboratory, Njala University, Bo, Sierra Leone.
³⁸ Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
³⁹ Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
⁴⁰ Department of Traumatology, John Hunter Hospital and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia.
⁴¹ Department of Surgery, Bizerte Hospital, Bizerte, Tunisia.
⁴² Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
⁴³ Department of General Surgery, Hospital San Juan de Dios de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.
⁴⁴ Emergency Department, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
⁴⁵ Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁷ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston HealthCare System, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA.
⁴⁸ Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁵⁰ Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
⁵¹ Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia.
⁵² Hospital Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Monterrey, Mexico.
⁵³ Department of Pharmacology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala India.
⁵⁴ Department of General Surgery, Kuala Krai Hospital, Kuala Krai, Kelantan Malaysia.
⁵⁵ Department of Surgery and Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Regional Hospital, Limbe, Cameroon.
⁵⁶ Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁵⁷ Department of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
⁵⁸ Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
⁵⁹ Infectología Institucional SRL, Hospital Municipal Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁶⁰ Department of Surgery, University Clinical Center of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
⁶¹ Department General Surgery, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia.
⁶² Department of Surgery, Quatre Villes Hospital, St Cloud, France.
⁶³ School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago.
⁶⁴ Division of Acute Care Surgery, Program in Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD USA.
⁶⁵ Department of Surgical Sciences, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
⁶⁶ Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
⁶⁷ Department of Surgery, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
⁶⁸ Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA USA.
⁶⁹ School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
⁷⁰ Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania.
⁷¹ Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Amiens-Picardie, and INSERM U1088, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
⁷² Department of Surgery, Division of Burn, Critical Care, and Trauma Surgery (K.P.S., S.R.E.), Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
⁷³ Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁷⁴ Department of Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
⁷⁵ Sudan National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
⁷⁶ Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA.
⁷⁷ Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA.
⁷⁸ Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP Brazil.
⁷⁹ Institut Pasteur, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
⁸⁰ 6th Department of Internal Medicine, Hygeia General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁸¹ Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
⁸² 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁸³ Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitário Terezinha de Jesus, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
⁸⁴ Center for Global Health, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito, Ibaraki Japan.
⁸⁵ Hospital Privado Centro Médico de Caracas and Hospital Vargas de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
⁸⁶ Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defense Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁸⁷ Institute of Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
⁸⁸ Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
⁸⁹ Orgamed Consulting, Bad Griesbach, Germany.
⁹⁰ Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
⁹¹ Department of Surgery, Faculté de médecine, Université de Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Bénin.
⁹² Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
⁹³ Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
⁹⁴ Department of Surgery Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
⁹⁵ Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India.
⁹⁶ Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
⁹⁷ Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
⁹⁸ 3rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
⁹⁹ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA.
¹⁰¹ Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
¹⁰² Department of Emergency Surgery, City Hospital, Mozyr, Belarus.
¹⁰³ Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
¹⁰⁴ Department of Surgery, The Brunei Cancer Centre, Jerudong Park, Brunei.
¹⁰⁵ Department of Surgery, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
¹⁰⁶ School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW Australia.
¹⁰⁷ Division of Acute Care Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA.
¹⁰⁸ Department of General Surgery, Erzincan University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹¹⁰ School of Life Science and The ithree Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW Australia.
¹¹¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, UNIVMP, Ancona, Italy.
¹¹² Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.
¹¹³ Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
¹¹⁴ Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
¹¹⁵ Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Abilene, TX USA.
¹¹⁶ Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
¹¹⁷ Abdominal Center, University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland.
¹¹⁸ Department of Surgery, Inling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
¹¹⁹ Division of Infectious Diseases, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA.
¹²⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
¹²¹ Department for Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Cologne, Germany.
¹²² Health Research Program, Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹²³ Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Wellcome Trust-HRB Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James' University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
¹²⁴ Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India.
¹²⁵ Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
¹²⁶ Department of Surgery, Radiology, University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
¹²⁷ General Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.
¹²⁸ Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
¹²⁹ Center of Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford, CT USA.
¹³⁰ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹³¹ Research Unit, Health Policy Consult, Weija-Accra, Ghana.
¹³² Department of Surgery, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan.
¹³³ Department of Surgery and Critical Care, Universidad del Valle, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
¹³⁴ Department of Surgery, Hassan II University Hospital, Medical School of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Benabdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
¹³⁵ Division of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
¹³⁶ Division of Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, Catania, Italy.
¹³⁷ Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Riga East University Hospital 'Gailezers', Riga, Latvia.
¹³⁸ National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
¹³⁹ Department of General Surgery, Jesenice General Hospital, Jesenice, Slovenia.
¹⁴⁰ Trauma and Acute Care Service, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
¹⁴¹ U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit N° 6, Callao, Peru.
¹⁴² General Surgery Department, Medical University, University Hospital St George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
¹⁴³ Intensive Care Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁴⁴ II Cátedra de Clínica Quirúrgica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
¹⁴⁵ Department of Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Policlinico A Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
¹⁴⁶ Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
¹⁴⁷ Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Tan Tock Seng, Singapore.
¹⁴⁸ Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
¹⁴⁹ Department of Emergency Surgery and Critical Care, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia.
¹⁵⁰ Department of Surgery, North Estonia Medical Center, Tallinn, Estonia.
¹⁵¹ Surgery Health Care Group, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.
¹⁵² APHP medical and infectious diseases ICU, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.
¹⁵³ Institute of Microbiology, Biological and Environmental Sciences College, University San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
¹⁵⁴ Department of Molecular Biology, Tran Hung Dao Hospital, No 1, Tran Hung Dao Street, Hai Ba Trung Dist, Hanoi, Vietnam.
¹⁵⁵ 1st Department of Surgery - Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
¹⁵⁶ Department of Surgery, Medical School University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
¹⁵⁷ Nottingham Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
¹⁵⁸ Department of Surgery, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India.
¹⁵⁹ State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affilliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
¹⁶⁰ Trauma and Emergency Surgery Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
¹⁶¹ Department of Surgery, MOSC Medical College Kolenchery, Cochin, India.
¹⁶² Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
¹⁶³ Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgry, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA.
¹⁶⁴ Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, AORN dei Colli Vincenzo Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.
¹⁶⁵ Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
¹⁶⁶ Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Genoa (DISSAL) and IRCCS San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
¹⁶⁷ Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant' Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

PMID: 27429642
PMCID: PMC4946132
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0089-y

Erratum in

Erratum to: Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA).
Sartelli M, Weber DG, Ruppé E, Bassetti M, Wright BJ, Ansaloni L, Catena F, Coccolini F, Abu-Zidan FM, Coimbra R, Moore EE, Moore FA, Maier RV, De Waele JJ, Kirkpatrick AW, Griffiths EA, Eckmann C, Brink AJ, Mazuski JE, May AK, Sawyer RG, Mertz D, Montravers P, Kumar A, Roberts JA, Vincent JL, Watkins RR, Lowman W, Spellberg B, Abbott IJ, Adesunkanmi AK, Al-Dahir S, Al-Hasan MN, Agresta F, Althani AA, Ansari S, Ansumana R, Augustin G, Bala M, Balogh ZJ, Baraket O, Bhangu A, Beltrán MA, Bernhard M, Biffl WL, Boermeester MA, Brecher SM, Cherry-Bukowiec JR, Buyne OR, Cainzos MA, Cairns KA, Camacho-Ortiz A, Chandy SJ, Che Jusoh A, Chichom-Mefire A, Colijn C, Corcione F, Cui Y, Curcio D, Delibegovic S, Demetrashvili Z, De Simone B, Dhingra S, Diaz JJ, Di Carlo I, Dillip A, Di Saverio S, Doyle MP, Dorj G, Dogjani A, Dupont H, Eachempati SR, Enani MA, Egiev VN, Elmangory MM, Ferrada P, Fitchett JR, Fraga GP, Guessennd N, Giamarellou H, Ghnnam W, Gkiokas G, Goldberg SR, Gomes CA, Gomi H, Guzmán-Blanco M, Haque M, Hansen S, Hecker A, Heizmann WR, Herzog T, Hodonou AM, Hong SK, Kafka-Ritsch R, Kaplan LJ, Kapoor G, Karamarkovic A, Kees MG, Kenig J, Kiguba R, Kim PK, Kluger Y, Khokha V, Koike… See abstract for full author list ➔ Sartelli M, et al. World J Emerg Surg. 2017 Aug 2;12:35. doi: 10.1186/s13017-017-0147-0. eCollection 2017. World J Emerg Surg. 2017. PMID: 28785301 Free PMC article.

Abstract

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance. The overuse of antimicrobials is widely accepted as a major driver of some emerging infections (such as C. difficile), the selection of resistant pathogens in individual patients, and for the continued development of antimicrobial resistance globally. The growing emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms and the limited development of new agents available to counteract them have caused an impending crisis with alarming implications, especially with regards to Gram-negative bacteria. An international task force from 79 different countries has joined this project by sharing a document on the rational use of antimicrobials for patients with IAIs. The project has been termed AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections). The authors hope that AGORA, involving many of the world's leading experts, can actively raise awareness in health workers and can improve prescribing behavior in treating IAIs.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

1. Dellit TH, Owens RC, McGowan JE, Jr, Gerding DN, Weinstein RA, Burke JP, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:159–177. doi: 10.1086/510393. - DOI - PubMed
1. Rice LB. Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:1079–1081. doi: 10.1086/533452. - DOI - PubMed
1. Boucher HW, Talbot GH, Bradley JS, Edwards JE, Gilbert D, Rice LB, et al. Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1–12. doi: 10.1086/595011. - DOI - PubMed
1. Rao GG. Risk factors for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Drugs. 1998;55:323–330. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199855030-00001. - DOI - PubMed
1. Deege MP, Paterson DL. Reducing the development of antibiotic resistance in critical care units. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2011;12:2062–2069. doi: 10.2174/138920111798808301. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

Affiliations

Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Abstract

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources