A tool for mass-screening of paragonimiasis: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with urine samples

Abstract

Background: Paragonimiasis is one of the foodborn trematodiases and number of the patients was estimated to be about 23 million around the world. To obtain good compliance of people for the surveillance of paragonimiasis, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of paragonimiasis with unconcentrated urine samples was developed.

Results: Paragonimus westermani antigen specific IgG and IgG4 were detected in urine samples from paragonimiasis patients and the levels correlated well with those detected in the paired serum samples. Cross-reactions observed among other trematodiasis and a tuberculosis patient with the antigen specific IgG were much reduced by detecting the antigen specific IgG4; 9.2 % to 2.3 %.

Conclusions: The ELISA with urine samples, which are collected safely and easily, will be a useful tool for a mass-screening of paragonimiasis.

Keywords: Diagnosis; ELISA; Mass-screening; Paragonimiasis; Urine.

Fig. 1

IgG and IgG4 to P. westermani adult worm antigens detected in urine samples. Urine samples are from patients infected with, Pw P. westermani, Ov O. viverrini, Sj S. japonicum, MIF minute intestinal flukes, ECH Echinostoma, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Control sera were from Japanese healthy controls. Dotted lines indicate cutoff. Numbers under the abbreviations are the number of positives/examined