The Role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease

Abstract

Purpose: To report the imaging characteristics of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this prospective study, patients with acute VKH (n = 10; mean age: 30.5 ± 13.43 years) underwent multimodal imaging (baseline and follow-up) using fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), OCT, and OCTA. The OCTA images were analyzed to assess the retinochoroidal vasculature and compared with other imaging techniques.

Results: During the active stage, all eyes showed multiple foci of choriocapillaris flow void that correlated with ICGA. These foci decreased in number and size after initiation of therapy. In one patient, flow void areas reappeared after cessation of therapy without any detectable change on ICGA. This patient soon developed clinical recurrence requiring re-initiation of immunosuppression.

Conclusions: OCTA allows high-resolution imaging of inflammatory foci suggestive of choriocapillaris hypoperfusion in acute VKH disease non-invasively. OCTA may be very helpful in the follow-up of such patients.

Keywords: Choriocapillaris; EDI-OCT; Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome; indocyanine green angiography; multimodal imaging; optical coherence tomography angiography.