Relationship between balance and physical activity measured by an activity monitor in elderly COPD patients

Abstract

Background: Little is known regarding the relationship between balance impairments and physical activity in COPD. There has been no study investigating the relationship between balance and objectively measured physical activity. Here we investigated the association between balance and physical activity measured by an activity monitor in elderly COPD patients.

Materials and methods: Twenty-two outpatients with COPD (mean age, 72±7 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 53%±21% predicted) and 13 age-matched healthy control subjects (mean age, 72±6 years) participated in the study. We assessed all 35 subjects' balance (one-leg standing test [OLST] times, Short Physical Performance Battery total scores, standing balance test scores, 4 m gait speed, and five-times sit-to-stand test [5STST]) and physical activity (daily steps and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day [MV-PA]). Possible confounders were assessed in the COPD group. The between-group differences in balance test scores and physical activity were analyzed. A correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis were conducted in the COPD group.

Results: The COPD patients exhibited significant reductions in OLST times (P=0.033), Short Physical Performance Battery scores (P=0.013), 4 m gait speed (P<0.001), five-times sit-to-stand times (P=0.002), daily steps (P=0.003), and MV-PA (P=0.022) compared to the controls; the exception was the standing balance test scores. The correlation and multivariate regression analyses revealed significant independent associations between OLST times and daily steps (P<0.001) and between OLST times and MV-PA (P=0.014) in the COPD group after adjusting for possible confounding factors.

Conclusion: Impairments in balance and reductions in physical activity were observed in the COPD group. Deficits in balance are independently associated with physical inactivity.

Keywords: COPD; activity monitor; balance impairments; physical inactivity; pulmonary rehabilitation.

Figure 1

Correlations between balance measures and physical activity and possible confounders in subjects with COPD (n=22). Notes: (A) OLST and (B) SPPB. Abbreviations: OLST, one-legged standing test; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; MV-PA, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day; 6MWD, 6-minute walk distance; QMVC, quadriceps isometric maximum voluntary contraction normalized to body weight; MMRC, modified Medical Research Council.

Figure 2

Correlations between physical activity and possible confounders in subjects with COPD (n=22). Notes: (A) Daily step and (B) MV-PA. Abbreviations: MV-PA, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day; 6MWD, 6-minute walk distance; QMVC, quadriceps isometric maximum voluntary contraction normalized to body weight; MMRC, modified Medical Research Council.