Gastrocnemius Contracture in Patients With and Without Foot Pathology

Abstract

Background: Several studies report performing a recession of the gastrocnemius tendon as surgical treatment of foot and ankle pain related to an isolated gastrocnemius contracture. Few report ankle range of motion using a validated measurement device or report a control group. All previous studies reporting measurements using a validated device have been small in number.

Methods: Using a previously validated device, 66 patients presenting with foot or ankle pain and 66 controls were measured for ankle range of motion and isolated gastrocnemius contractures. Clinical and goniometer measurement of ankle range of motion was also performed.

Results: The foot and ankle pain group had a mean dorsiflexion of 11.6 degrees compared with a mean of 17.2 degrees in the control group (P < .0001). No patients in either group had less than 15 degrees of motion with the knee flexed. The difference in dorsiflexion was less using a goniometer than using the validated device, which may be due to measurement technique and external landmarks.

Conclusion: Patients with foot and ankle pain had less ankle dorsiflexion than the control group. This is the largest study to date using a validated measurement device as well as a control group and supports the findings of previous authors.

Level of evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.

Keywords: gastrocnemius recession; isolated gastrocnemius contracture.