Prognosis of Fibrolamellar Carcinoma Compared to Non-cirrhotic Conventional Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Background: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) and conventional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) share the same American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. The worse survival with HCC is attributed to the underlying cirrhosis.The aim of this study was to compare stage-matched prognosis after resection of FLC and non-cirrhotic HCC.

Methods: Outcomes after resection of 65 consecutive patients with FLC and 158 non-cirrhotic patients with HCC were compared. Patients were staged according to the 7th edition AJCC staging.

Results: The AJCC stage distributions for FLC and HCC demonstrated a predominance of stage IV disease in FLC and stage I in HCC (FLC stage I-23 %, II-15 %, III-15 %, IV-46 % vs. HCC stage I-42 %, II-32 %, III-20 %, IV-6 %, p < 0.001). Among stage IV FLC patients, 81 % had isolated nodal metastases, which did not affect overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS). In FLC, OS was significantly affected by the number of tumors and vascular invasion (p < 0.05). Recurrent disease developed in 56 (86 %) FLC patients and was treated with repeat surgical resection in 25 (45 %) patients. Vascular invasion was associated with recurrent FLC, with 3-year RFS rates of 9 % and 35 %, with and without vascular invasion (p = 0.034). With respect to RFS, the AJCC staging did not stratify FLC patients, compared to non-cirrhotic HCC.

Conclusions: When compared to non-cirrhotic HCC, patients with FLC are not adequately stratified by AJCC staging with respect to RFS. Our results support classifying lymph node metastases in FLC as regional disease, rather than systemic disease. Important prognostic factors in FLC are the number of tumors and vascular invasion.

Keywords: AJCC stage; Fibrolamellar carcinoma; Hepatocellular carcinoma.