Maximal workload but not peak oxygen uptake is decreased during immersed incremental exercise at cooler temperatures

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of water temperature on cardiorespiratory responses and exercise performance during immersed incremental cycle exercise until exhaustion.

Methods: Ten healthy young men performed incremental cycle exercise on a water cycle ergometer at water temperatures (T w) of 18, 26 and 34 °C. Workload was initially set at 60 W and was increased by 20 W every 2 min for the first four levels and then by 10 W every minute until the subject could no longer continue.

Results: During submaximal exercise (60-120 W), [Formula: see text] was greater at T w = 18 °C than at 26 or 34 °C. Maximal workload was lower at T w = 18 °C than at 26 or 34 °C [T w = 18 °C: 138 ± 16 (SD) W, T w = 26 °C: 157 ± 16 W, T w = 34 °C: 156 ± 18 W], whereas [Formula: see text]O2peak did not differ among the three temperatures [T w = 18 °C: 3156 ± 364 (SD) ml min(-1), T w = 26 °C: 3270 ± 344 ml min(-1), T w = 34 °C: 3281 ± 268 ml min(-1)]. Minute ventilation ([Formula: see text]) and tidal volume (V T) during submaximal exercise were higher at T w = 18 °C than at 26 or 34 °C, while respiratory frequency (f R) did not differ with respect to T w.

Conclusion: Peak workload during immersed incremental cycle exercise is lower in cold water (18 °C) due to the higher [Formula: see text] during submaximal exercise, while the greater [Formula: see text] in cold water was due to a larger V T.

Keywords: Cold water; Exercise performance; Ventilatory responses.