Taurine and Epidermal Growth Factor Belong to the Signature of First-Episode Psychosis

doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00331

. 2016 Jul 15:10:331.

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00331. eCollection 2016.

Taurine and Epidermal Growth Factor Belong to the Signature of First-Episode Psychosis

Kati Koido¹, Jürgen Innos¹, Liina Haring², Mihkel Zilmer³, Aigar Ottas³, Eero Vasar¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia.
² Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia; Psychiatry Clinic, Tartu University HospitalTartu, Estonia.
³ Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia.

PMID: 27471446
PMCID: PMC4945631
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00331

Taurine and Epidermal Growth Factor Belong to the Signature of First-Episode Psychosis

Kati Koido et al. Front Neurosci. 2016.

. 2016 Jul 15:10:331.

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00331. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Kati Koido¹, Jürgen Innos¹, Liina Haring², Mihkel Zilmer³, Aigar Ottas³, Eero Vasar¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia.
² Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia; Psychiatry Clinic, Tartu University HospitalTartu, Estonia.
³ Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of TartuTartu, Estonia.

PMID: 27471446
PMCID: PMC4945631
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00331

Abstract

This study evaluated the levels of two amino acid derivatives taurine and spermine in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and their response to antipsychotic treatment. The levels of taurine and spermine were significantly up-regulated in antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients compared to control subjects (CS). Treatment of FEP patients with antipsychotic drugs significantly reduced the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. This positive effect was accompanied by a significant reduction of taurine and spermine to the levels measured in CS. General linear model was used to establish associations of taurine and spermine with the levels of cytokines and growth factors, measured in our previous experiments using the same study sample. There was a strong association between taurine and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Both biomarkers significantly correlated with the disease symptoms as well as with the effectiveness of antipsychotic treatment. Accordingly one can conclude that taurine and EGF belong to the signature of FEP. Most probably they reflect altered oxidative stress and corrupted function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in FEP.

Keywords: NMDA receptors; antipsychotic treatment; cytokines; epidermal growth factor; first-episode psychosis; growth factors; spermine; taurine.

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References

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1. Bjerkenstedt L., Edman G., Hagenfeldt L., Sedvall G., Wiesel F. A. (1985). Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br. J. Psychiatry 147, 276–282. 10.1192/bjp.147.3.276 - DOI - PubMed
1. Cha Y. K., Kim Y. H., Ahn Y. H., Koh J. Y. (2000). Epidermal growth factor induces oxidative neuronal injury in cortical culture. J. Neurochem. 75, 298–303. 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750298.x - DOI - PubMed
1. Chan C. Y., Singh I., Magnuson H., Zohaib M., Bakshi K. P., Le François B., et al. (2015). Taurine targets the GluN2b-containing NMDA receptor subtype, in Taurine 9 [Internet], eds Marcinkiewicz J., Schaffer S. W. (Cham: Springer International Publishing; ), 531–44. - PubMed
1. Chan C. Y., Sun H. S., Shah S. M., Agovic M. S., Ho I., Friedman E., et al. (2013). Direct Interaction of taurine with the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype via multiple mechanisms, in Taurine 8 [Internet], eds El Idrissi A. L., L'Amoreaux W. J. (New York, NY: Springer; ), 45–52. - PubMed

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[1] Almarghini K., Remy A., Tappaz M. (1991). Immunocytochemistry of the taurine biosynthesis enzyme, cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase, in the cerebellum: evidence for a glial licalization. Neuroscience 43, 111–119. 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90421-J - DOI - PubMed

[2] Almarghini K., Remy A., Tappaz M. (1991). Immunocytochemistry of the taurine biosynthesis enzyme, cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase, in the cerebellum: evidence for a glial licalization. Neuroscience 43, 111–119. 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90421-J - DOI - PubMed

[3] Bjerkenstedt L., Edman G., Hagenfeldt L., Sedvall G., Wiesel F. A. (1985). Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br. J. Psychiatry 147, 276–282. 10.1192/bjp.147.3.276 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Bjerkenstedt L., Edman G., Hagenfeldt L., Sedvall G., Wiesel F. A. (1985). Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br. J. Psychiatry 147, 276–282. 10.1192/bjp.147.3.276 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Cha Y. K., Kim Y. H., Ahn Y. H., Koh J. Y. (2000). Epidermal growth factor induces oxidative neuronal injury in cortical culture. J. Neurochem. 75, 298–303. 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750298.x - DOI - PubMed

[6] Cha Y. K., Kim Y. H., Ahn Y. H., Koh J. Y. (2000). Epidermal growth factor induces oxidative neuronal injury in cortical culture. J. Neurochem. 75, 298–303. 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750298.x - DOI - PubMed

[7] Chan C. Y., Singh I., Magnuson H., Zohaib M., Bakshi K. P., Le François B., et al. (2015). Taurine targets the GluN2b-containing NMDA receptor subtype, in Taurine 9 [Internet], eds Marcinkiewicz J., Schaffer S. W. (Cham: Springer International Publishing; ), 531–44. - PubMed

[8] Chan C. Y., Singh I., Magnuson H., Zohaib M., Bakshi K. P., Le François B., et al. (2015). Taurine targets the GluN2b-containing NMDA receptor subtype, in Taurine 9 [Internet], eds Marcinkiewicz J., Schaffer S. W. (Cham: Springer International Publishing; ), 531–44. - PubMed

[9] Chan C. Y., Sun H. S., Shah S. M., Agovic M. S., Ho I., Friedman E., et al. (2013). Direct Interaction of taurine with the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype via multiple mechanisms, in Taurine 8 [Internet], eds El Idrissi A. L., L'Amoreaux W. J. (New York, NY: Springer; ), 45–52. - PubMed

[10] Chan C. Y., Sun H. S., Shah S. M., Agovic M. S., Ho I., Friedman E., et al. (2013). Direct Interaction of taurine with the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype via multiple mechanisms, in Taurine 8 [Internet], eds El Idrissi A. L., L'Amoreaux W. J. (New York, NY: Springer; ), 45–52. - PubMed

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Taurine and Epidermal Growth Factor Belong to the Signature of First-Episode Psychosis

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Taurine and Epidermal Growth Factor Belong to the Signature of First-Episode Psychosis

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