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. 2016 Jul 18;5(1):1106.
doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2788-y. eCollection 2016.

The "exaptation" of linguistic implicit strategies

Affiliations

The "exaptation" of linguistic implicit strategies

Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri. Springerplus. .

Abstract

Implicit strategies are known to increase persuasion performances. Implicits of content (vagueness, implicatures) and implicits of responsibility (presuppositions, topics) will be compared semiotically to non-linguistic implicits such as images and sounds. The results of psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic experiments will be used to propose that presuppositions and topics arose in language as means to spare addressees processing effort on already known contents, but they were subsequently "exapted" to spare effort on unknown marginal contents, and eventually to reduce the probability for doubtful contents to be processed thoroughly and rejected. This will be shown by many examples from commercial advertising and political propaganda.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Lascia che Philips ti apra gli occhi
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
… e mi sono sentito grande con la mia prima Alfa
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
“Nuovo Fiorino. I migliori arrivano dove gli altri non arrivano” (New Fiorino. The best arrive where the others don’t)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
“Più comodi sono gli interni e il bagagliaio, più comodi sono i passeggeri e i bagagli. Nuova Audi 80, una logica stringente” (The more comfortable the interiors and the luggage van, the more comfortable the passengers and the luggage. New Audi 80, compelling logic)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Good things come to those who wait
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Inheritance tax again? No, Thanks
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The “no globals” in the government? No, Thanks
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Illegal immigrants at will? No, Thanks
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
More taxes on your savings? No, Thanks
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
More taxes on your house? No, Thanks
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Halting major works? No, Thanks
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Without nursery schools, families can’t grow
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
A public health service that works means more freedom
Fig. 14
Fig. 14
Temporary work clamps down your hopes
Fig. 15
Fig. 15
“preghiamo per tutto il mondo perché ci sia una grande fratellanza!” (Let us pray for the world, so that there may be wide fraternity!)
Fig. 16
Fig. 16
“Non lasciatevi rubare la speranza” (Don’t let them steal your hope)
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“Non dobbiamo avere timore della bontà e della tenerezza” (We must not be afraid of goodness and tenderness)
Fig. 18
Fig. 18
“È proprio il caso di correggere tutto? Discovery Channel” (Is it really necessary to correct everything?)
Fig. 19
Fig. 19
“Red Bull ti mette le aaali” (Red Bull gives you wiiings)
Fig. 20
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“Sano come un Plasmon” (As healthy as a Plasmon)
Fig. 21
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“Buono come lo zucchero. Sicuro come l’aspartame” (As good as sugar. As safe as aspartame)
Fig. 22
Fig. 22
“Cento per cento Yoga. Senza zucchero, senza fretta, solo frutta.” (Hundred per cent Yoga. No sugar, No hurry, Just fruit)
Fig. 23
Fig. 23
“Le immagini della storia meritano TDK” (The images of history deserve TDK)
Fig. 24
Fig. 24
“Škoda Yeti. Il SUV compatto anche nelle emissioni.” (The SUV which is compact also in emissions)
Fig. 25
Fig. 25
“Agosto Aperto Toyota Anche d’estate contate su di noi” (Open August Toyota. Also in summer, count on us)
Fig. 26
Fig. 26
“La prima ecodose non si scorda mai” (One never forgets the first ecodose)
Fig. 27
Fig. 27
“Nuova Polo. Pronta per un nuovo passo avanti.” (New Polo. Ready for a new step forward)
Fig. 28
Fig. 28
“Adesso puoi smettere di viaggiare con la fantasia.” (Now you can stop traveling with your fantasy)
Fig. 29
Fig. 29
Let’s re-open the future
Fig. 30
Fig. 30
Are you ready to come out?
Fig. 31
Fig. 31
“Immagina di non avere più nulla da nascondere. Nuovo. Even Skintone Illuminator Estée Lauder” (Imagine you have no more things to hide. New. Even Skintone Illuminator Estée Lauder)
Fig. 32
Fig. 32
siete ancora competitivi?” (Are you still competitive?)
Fig. 33
Fig. 33
blancostecco ducale Tu da che parte stai?” (blancostecco ducale Which side are you on?)
Fig. 34
Fig. 34
“Perché gli italiani non scopano più come una volta?—Perchè Alfatec vende tanti aspirapolvere” (Why don’t Italians sweep/fuck any more the way they used to?—Because Alfatec sells many vacuum cleaners)
Fig. 35
Fig. 35
“Essere Unicef. Fin dove si spingono i tuoi ideali?” (Being Unicef. How far do your ideals arrive?)
Fig. 36
Fig. 36
“L’eccellenza del nostro caffè nasconde una grande storia.” (The excellency of our coffee conceals a great history)
Fig. 37
Fig. 37
The freshness of JOCCA has only 7 % fat
Fig. 38
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VIVE la VIE the new taste has less fat
Fig. 39
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Invito. The sins of gluttony that don’t make you fat
Fig. 40
Fig. 40
“Lasciamo che la tenerezza di Dio riscaldi il nostro cuore” (Let’s allow God’s tenderness to warm our hearts)
Fig. 41
Fig. 41
“Ci siamo/quando credi nella ricerca” (We are there/when you believe in research)
Fig. 42
Fig. 42
“Quando scegli uno stile di vita sano, ti prendi cura di te” (When you coose a healthy lifestyle, you take care of yourself)
Fig. 43
Fig. 43
“Nuova Yaris. Quando hai tutte le soluzioni il futuro è geniale” (New Yaris. When you’ve got all solutions, the future is inspired)
Fig. 44
Fig. 44
“È bello sapere che almeno la tua auto ha la situazione sotto controllo./Nuova Freelander 2. Perché scegliere un’auto quando puoi avere una Land Rover?” (“It is nice to know that at least your car has the situation under control/New Freelander 2. Why drive a car if you can drive a Land Rover?”)
Fig. 45
Fig. 45
“Dovunque vai, tranquillità e sicurezza viaggiano con te” (Wherever yoy go, tranquillity and safety travel with you)
Fig. 46
Fig. 46
“Lo devi ascoltare/per crederci” (You must listen to it/in order to believe)
Fig. 47
Fig. 47
“Creare un cioccolato pregiato richiede passione, dedizione e grande impegno…” (Creating an exquisite chocolate requires passion, dedication and great diligence)
Fig. 48
Fig. 48
“Per entrare in Europa, scegli la chiave giusta” (To enter Europe, choose the right key

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References

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