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. 2016 Jul 18:11:961-6.
doi: 10.2147/CIA.S98232. eCollection 2016.

Predicting Gleason score using the initial serum total prostate-specific antigen in Black men with symptomatic prostate adenocarcinoma in Nigeria

Ikenna I Nnabugwu  1 , Emeka I Udeh  1 , Fredrick O Ugwumba  1 , Francis O Ozoemena  1
Affiliations

Predicting Gleason score using the initial serum total prostate-specific antigen in Black men with symptomatic prostate adenocarcinoma in Nigeria

Ikenna I Nnabugwu et al. Clin Interv Aging. .

Abstract

Background: Men of Black African descent are known to have the highest incidence of prostate cancer. The disease is also more aggressive in this group possibly due to biologically more aggressive tumor or late presentation. Currently, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay plays a significant role in making the diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, the obtained value of serum PSA may not directly relate with the Gleason score (GS), a measure of tumor aggression in prostate cancer. This study explores the relationship between serum total PSA at presentation (iPSA) and GS.

Patients and methods: The iPSA of patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer was compared with the obtained GS of the prostate biopsy specimens. The age of the patients at presentation and the prostate volumes were also analyzed with respect to the iPSA and GS. The data were analyzed retrospectively using IBM SPSS Version 20. Pearson correlation was used for numeric variables, whereas Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. Significance was set at P≤0.05.

Results: There were 205 patients from January 2010 to November 2013 who satisfied the inclusion criteria. iPSA as well as age at presentation and prostate volume were not found to significantly correlate with the primary Gleason grade, the secondary Gleason grade, or the GS. However, the presence of distant metastasis was identified to significantly correlate positively with GS.

Conclusion: GS may not be confidently predicted by the iPSA. Higher iPSA does not correlate with higher GS and vice versa.

Keywords: Gleason score; PSA; patient age; prostate adenocarcinoma; prostate volume.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparing mean values of GD1, GD2, and GS of the age groups. Notes: MGD1, mean of primary Gleason grade; MGD2, mean of secondary Gleason grade. Abbreviations: GD1, primary Gleason grade; GD2, secondary Gleason grade; GS, Gleason score; MGS, mean of Gleason score; GD, Gleason grade.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparing mean values of GD1, GD2, and GS of the iPSA groups ≤10 ng/mL and >10 ng/mL. Notes: MGD1, mean of primary Gleason grade; MGD2, mean of secondary Gleason grade. MGD1, P=0.22; MGD2, P=0.19; MGS, P=0.95. Abbreviations: GD1, primary Gleason grade; GD2, secondary Gleason grade; GS, Gleason score; iPSA, serum total prostate-specific antigen at presentation; MGS, mean of Gleason score.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparing mean values of GD1, GD2, and GS of the iPSA groups ≤20 ng/mL and >20 ng/mL. Notes: MGD1, mean of primary Gleason grade; MGD2, mean of secondary Gleason grade. MGD1, P=0.24; MGD2, P=0.34; MGS, P=0.21. Abbreviations: GD1, primary Gleason grade; GD2, secondary Gleason grade; GS, Gleason score; iPSA, serum total prostate-specific antigen at presentation; MGS, mean of Gleason score.
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