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Comparative Study
. 2016 Aug 3;11(8):e0160567.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160567. eCollection 2016.

Injustice Experience Questionnaire, Japanese Version: Cross-Cultural Factor-Structure Comparison and Demographics Associated with Perceived Injustice

Keiko Yamada  1   2 , Tomonori Adachi  2   3 , Akira Mibu  3   4 , Tomohiko Nishigami  2   5 , Yasushi Motoyama  6 , Hironobu Uematsu  2   7 , Yoichi Matsuda  2   7 , Hitoaki Sato  6 , Kenichi Hayashi  8 , Renzhe Cui  1 , Yumiko Takao  6 , Masahiko Shibata  2   3 , Hiroyasu Iso  1
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Injustice Experience Questionnaire, Japanese Version: Cross-Cultural Factor-Structure Comparison and Demographics Associated with Perceived Injustice

Keiko Yamada et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Objective: The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) assesses injury-related perceived injustice. This study aimed to (1) develop a Japanese version (IEQ-J), (2) examine its factor structure, validity, and reliability, and (3) discover which demographic variable(s) positively contributed to prediction of IEQ-J scores.

Methods: Data from 71 patients (33 male, 38 female; age = 20+) with injury pain were employed to investigate factor structure by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Concurrent validity was examined by Pearson correlation coefficients among the IEQ-J, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Internal consistency was investigated by Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was indicated with intra-class correlations (ICCs) in 42 of 71 patients within four weeks. Relations between demographic variables and IEQ-J scores were examined by covariance analysis and linear regression models.

Results: IEQ-J factor structure differed from the original two-factor model. A three-factor model with Severity/irreparability, Blame/unfairness, and Perceived lack of empathy was extracted. The three-factor model showed goodness-of-fit with the data and sufficient reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 for total IEQ-J; ICCs = 0.96). Pearson correlation coefficients among IEQ-J, BPI, and PCS ranged from 0.38 to 0.73. Pain duration over a year (regression coefficient, 11.92, 95%CI; 5.95-17.89) and liability for injury on another (regression coefficient, 12.17, 95%CI; 6.38-17.96) predicted IEQ-J total scores.

Conclusions: This study evidenced the IEQ-J's sound psychometric properties. The three-factor model was the latter distinctive in the Japanese version. Pain duration over a year and injury liability by another statistically significantly increased IEQ-J scores.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The Japanese form of the IEQ-J.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Three-factors model of the IEQ-J.
Three-factors model of the IEQ-J, and Error terms (e1–e12) are also indicated. Note. IEQ-J, Japanese version of Injustice Experience Questionnaire
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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