Fiber tracking: A qualitative and quantitative comparison between four different software tools on the reconstruction of major white matter tracts

Abstract

Purpose: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables in vivo reconstruction of white matter (WM) pathways. Considering the emergence of numerous models and fiber tracking techniques, we herein aimed to compare, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the fiber tracking results of four DTI software (Brainance, Philips FiberTrak, DSI Studio, NordicICE) on the reconstruction of representative WM tracts.

Materials and methods: Ten healthy participants underwent 30-directional diffusion tensor imaging on a 3T-Philips Achieva TX MR-scanner. All data were analyzed by two independent sites of experienced raters with the aforementioned software and the following WM tracts were reconstructed: corticospinal tract (CST); forceps major (Fmajor); forceps minor (Fminor); cingulum bundle (CB); superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF); inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF). Visual inspection of the resulted tracts and statistical analysis (inter-rater and betweensoftware agreement; paired t-test) on fractional anisotropy (FA), axial and radial diffusivity (Daxial, Dradial) were applied for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of DTI software results.

Results: Qualitative evaluation of the extracted tracts confirmed anatomical landmarks at least for the core part of each tract, even though differences in the number of fibers extracted and the whole tract were evident, especially for the CST, Fmajor, Fminor and SLF. Descriptive values did not deviate from the expected range of values for healthy adult population. Substantial inter-rater agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], Bland-Altman analysis) was found for all tracts (ICC; FA: 0.839-0.989, Daxial: 0.704-0.991, Dradial: 0.972-0.993). Low agreement for FA, Daxial and Dradial (ICC; Bland-Altman analysis) and significant paired t-test differences (p < 0.05) were detected regarding between-software agreement.

Conclusions: Qualitative comparison of four different DTI software in addition to substantial inter-rater but poor between-software agreement highlight the differences on existing fiber tracking methodologies and several particularities of each WM tract, further supporting the need for further study in both clinical and research settings.

Keywords: Deterministic tractography; Diffusion tensor imaging; Fiber tracking; Magnetic resonance imaging.

Fig. 1

Reconstruction of the left corticospinal tract overlaid on a high-resolution T1-3D sagittal slice using Brainance (upper left); DSI studio (upper right); Philips FiberTrak (bottom left); NordicICE (bottom right).

Fig. 2

Reconstruction of the forceps minor overlaid on a high-resolution T1-3D axial slice using Brainance (upper left); DSI studio (upper right); Philips FiberTrak (bottom left); NordicICE (bottom right).

Fig. 3

Reconstruction of the left cingulum bundle overlaid on a high-resolution T1-3D sagittal slice using Brainance (upper left); DSI studio (upper right); Philips FiberTrak (bottom left); NordicICE (bottom right).

Fig. 4

Reconstruction of the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus overlaid on a high-resolution T1-3D sagittal slice using Brainance (upper left); DSI studio (upper right); Philips FiberTrak (bottom left); NordicICE (bottom right).

Fig. 5

Comparison between Brainance and FACT algorithms on disclosing crossing fibers of callosal radiations and CST (dashed circle). The FACT algorithm rendered significantly fewer fibers, while Brainance was able to depict crossing diagonal located fibers of both corpus callosum and CST (lateral branches). In addition, Brainance demonstrated decussation of CST fibers in the pons (arrow).