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Review
. 2016 Oct;1862(10):1984-93.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.003. Epub 2016 Aug 5.

Peripheral biomarkers of stroke: Focus on circulatory microRNAs

Murali Vijayan  1 , P Hemachandra Reddy  2
Affiliations
Review

Peripheral biomarkers of stroke: Focus on circulatory microRNAs

Murali Vijayan et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Oct.

Abstract

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. Stroke occurs when blood flow stops, and that stoppage results in reduced oxygen supply to neurons in the brain. The occurrence of stroke increases with age, but anyone at any age can suffer from stroke. Recent research has implicated multiple cellular changes in stroke patients, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and changes in mRNA and proteins. Recent research has also revealed that stroke is associated with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Stroke can be controlled by modifiable risk factors, including diet, cardiovascular, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, depression and traumatic brain injury. Stroke is the major risk factor for vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this article is to review the latest developments in research efforts directed at identifying 1) latest developments in identifying biomarkers in peripheral and central nervous system tissues, 2) changes in microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with stroke, 3) miRNA profile and function in animal brain, and 4) protein biomarkers in ischemic stroke. This article also reviews research investigating circulatory miRNAs as peripheral biomarkers of stroke.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Circulatory microRNA; Plasma; Protein biomarker; Serum; Stroke; Vascular dementia.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of ischemic stroke. The shaded area (in yellow) shows the formation of plaques and reduced blood supply/flow to an area of brain leading to ischemia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Clinically translatable biological markers for stroke. MRI/MRS/CT and inflammatory response biomarkers may provide the link needed to branch the basic and clinical research areas.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Differentially regulated miRNAs in ischemic stroke patients with different conditions i.e., acute ischemic stroke cases and ischemic stroke cases in different time scale with respect to normal healthy controls.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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