Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2015 Sep 18:2:131-42.
doi: 10.2147/JHC.S81309. eCollection 2015.

Type I insulin-like growth factor as a liver reserve assessment tool in hepatocellular carcinoma

Reham Abdel-Wahab  1 , Samir Shehata  2 , Manal M Hassan  3 , Mouhammed A Habra  4 , Ghazaleh Eskandari  5 , Peggy T Tinkey  6 , Jennifer Mitchell  6 , Ju-Seog Lee  7 , Hesham M Amin  8 , Ahmed O Kaseb  3
Affiliations
Review

Type I insulin-like growth factor as a liver reserve assessment tool in hepatocellular carcinoma

Reham Abdel-Wahab et al. J Hepatocell Carcinoma. .

Abstract

Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) encompass a wide range of illnesses, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and viral hepatitis. Deterioration of liver capacity, with subsequent progression into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ultimately leads to a further decrease in the hepatic reserve. The Child-Turcotte-Pugh scoring system is the standard tool for assessing underlying liver reserve capacity in routine practice and in clinical trials of CLD and HCC. In this review, we highlight the clinical significance of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the growth hormone (GH) signaling pathway in HCC. IGF-I could be a marker for liver reserve capacity in CLDs and HCC in clinical practice. This approach could improve the risk assessment and stratifications of patients on the basis of their underlying liver reserve, either before active treatment in routine practice or before they are enrolled in clinical trials.

Keywords: IGF-I; chronic liver disease; growth hormone.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis and variable sources of IGF-I production. Abbreviations: IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor binding protein; IGF-IR, IGF-I receptor; IGF-IIR, IGF-II receptor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Roles and regulations of IGF-I in relation to GH in both normal and reduced hepatic reserve. Abbreviations: CLD, chronic liver disease; GH, growth hormone; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; GHR, GH receptor; IGFBP, IGF binding protein; IGFR, IGF receptor.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Roles of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in cancer development. Abbreviations: IGFBP, IGF binding protein; IGF-IR, IGF-I receptor; MMP-9, matrix metallopeptidase-9; uPAR, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; ECM, extracellular matrix; SOS, son of sevenless; GRB2, Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; SHC, src homology/α-collagen related protein; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kaplan–Meier curves for IGF classification of Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) class A hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Notes: (A) Training cohort (n=310). (B) Validation cohort (n=155). The first letter for each group represents the CTP class; the second letter, the IGF-CTP class (eg, group AB represents patients classified as CTP class A and IGF-CTP class B). Abbreviation: IGF, insulin-like growth factor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Salmon WD, Jr, Daughaday WH. A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilage in vitro. J Lab Clin Med. 1957;49(6):825–836. - PubMed
    1. Baxter RC. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins: interactions with IGFs and intrinsic bioactivities. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000;278(6):E967–E976. - PubMed
    1. Clemmons DR. Use of mutagenesis to probe IGF-binding protein structure/function relationships. Endocr Rev. 2001;22(6):800–817. - PubMed
    1. Kostecka Y, Blahovec J. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and their functions (minireview) Endocr Regul. 1999;33(2):90–94. - PubMed
    1. LeRoith D, Werner H, Beitner-Johnson D, Roberts CT., Jr Molecular and cellular aspects of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor. Endocr Rev. 1995;16(2):143–163. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources