Distal biceps tendon history, updates, and controversies: from the closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons meeting-2015

Abstract

Understanding of the distal biceps anatomy, mechanics, and biology during the last 75 years has greatly improved the physician's ability to advise and to treat patients with ruptured distal tendons. The goal of this paper is to review the past and current advances on complete distal biceps ruptures as well as controversies and future directions that were discussed and debated during the closed American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons meeting in 2015.

Keywords: History distal biceps tendon; anatomic biceps repair; anatomy distal biceps; anterior approach; biceps tendon augmentation; endoscopically assisted repairs; high-flexion biceps repair; posterior approach.