. 2016 Aug 16;5(1):139.

doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0317-2.

Association between cannabis use and treatment outcomes in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: a systematic review protocol

Laura Zielinski¹, Meha Bhatt², Rebecca B Eisen¹, Stefan Perera^{2

3}, Neera Bhatnagar⁴, James MacKillop^{5

6}, Meir Steiner^{5

7

8}, Stephanie McDermid Vaz^{5

9}, Lehana Thabane^{3

10}, Zainab Samaan^{11

12

13

14

15}

Affiliations

¹ MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
² Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
³ Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁴ Health Science Library, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁶ Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.
⁷ Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.
⁸ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁹ Cleghorn Early Intervention Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue E., Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
¹⁰ Biostatistics Unit, Research Institute at St Joes, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue E., Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
¹¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹³ Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹⁴ Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹⁵ Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St., Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.

PMID: 27530914
PMCID: PMC4988054
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0317-2

Association between cannabis use and treatment outcomes in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: a systematic review protocol

Laura Zielinski et al. Syst Rev. 2016.

. 2016 Aug 16;5(1):139.

doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0317-2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ MiNDS Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
² Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
³ Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁴ Health Science Library, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁶ Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.
⁷ Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada.
⁸ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
⁹ Cleghorn Early Intervention Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue E., Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
¹⁰ Biostatistics Unit, Research Institute at St Joes, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue E., Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
¹¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹² Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹³ Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹⁴ Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.
¹⁵ Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th St., Hamilton, ON, L8N 3K7, Canada. samaanz@mcmaster.ca.

PMID: 27530914
PMCID: PMC4988054
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0317-2

Abstract

Background: With the non-medical use of prescription opioids increasingly becoming a method of abuse in Canada, the number of patients requiring methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for opioid use disorder has increased dramatically. The rate of cannabis use in this population is disproportionately high (~50 %). Because its use is generally perceived as harmless, cannabis use is often not monitored during MMT. Current literature regarding the effects of cannabis use on MMT is conflicting, and the presence and nature of an association has not been clearly established. The primary objective of this review will be to conduct a systematic review of the literature and, if appropriate, a meta-analysis to determine whether there is an association between cannabis use and MMT outcomes. A secondary objective will be to perform subgroup analyses (by age, sex, method of cannabis measurement, and country) to determine whether cannabis use differentially influences MMT outcomes within these subgroups.

Methods/design: The search will be conducted on the following electronic databases using a predefined search strategy: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Two authors (LZ and MB) will independently screen articles using predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria and will extract data from included articles using a pilot-tested data extraction form. Disagreements at all stages of the screening process will be settled through discussion, and when consensus cannot be reached, a third author (ZS) will be consulted. An assessment of quality and risk of bias will be conducted on all included articles, and a sensitivity analysis will be used to compare results of studies with high and low risk of bias. We will perform random- and fixed-effects meta-analyses, if appropriate, with heterogeneity calculated using the I (2) statistic and formal evaluation of publication bias.

Discussion: Results of this systematic review will elucidate the association between cannabis use and methadone maintenance treatment outcomes. We will provide evidence that will be useful to clinicians regarding whether monitoring cannabis use during MMT is advantageous for optimizing MMT outcomes.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42015029372.

Keywords: Cannabis; MMT; Marijuana; Methadone maintenance treatment; Protocol; Systematic review.

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Association between cannabis use and treatment outcomes in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: a systematic review protocol

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Association between cannabis use and treatment outcomes in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: a systematic review protocol

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