Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2017 Jan 20;79(1):6-13.
doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0008. Epub 2016 Aug 18.

An overview of the toxicology and toxicokinetics of fusarenon-X, a type B trichothecene mycotoxin

Sawinee Aupanun  1 , Saranya Poapolathep, Mario Giorgi, Kanjana Imsilp, Amnart Poapolathep
Affiliations
Review

An overview of the toxicology and toxicokinetics of fusarenon-X, a type B trichothecene mycotoxin

Sawinee Aupanun et al. J Vet Med Sci. .

Abstract

Fusarenon-X (FX) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin that is frequently observed along with deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in agricultural commodities. This review aims to give an overview of the literature concerning the toxicology and toxicokinetics of FX. FX is primarily found in cereals grown in temperate regions, but it can also be found worldwide because of the global transport of products. The major toxicity of FX occurs through inhibition of protein synthesis, followed by the disruption of DNA synthesis. Moreover, FX has also been shown to induce apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo studies. The targets of FX are organs containing actively proliferating cells, such as the thymus, spleen, skin, small intestine, testes and bone marrow. FX causes immunosuppression, intestinal malabsorption, developmental toxicity and genotoxicity. In addition, sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals is currently lacking, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as a group 3 carcinogen.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Chemical structure of FX.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Metabolic pathways of FX and NIV in animals [69].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Al-Julaifi M. Z., Al-Falih A. M.2001. Detection of trichothecenes in animal feeds and foodstuffs during the years 1997 to 2000 in Saudi Arabia. J. Food Prot. 64: 1603–1606. - PubMed
    1. Alassane-Kpembi I., Kolf-Clauw M., Gauthier T., Abrami R., Abiola F. A., Oswald I. P., Puel O.2013. New insights into mycotoxin mixtures: the toxicity of low doses of Type B trichothecenes on intestinal epithelial cells is synergistic. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 272: 191–198. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.023 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Aniołowska M., Steininger M.2014. Determination of trichothecenes and zearalenone in different corn (Zea mays) cultivars for human consumption in Poland. J. Food Compos. Anal. 33: 14–19. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.09.008 - DOI
    1. Aupanun S., Poapolathep S., Imsilp K., Prapong T., Poapolathep A.2015. Oral exposure of fusarenon-X induced apoptosis in Peyer’s patches, thymus, and spleen of mice. Res. Vet. Sci. 102: 217–222. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.08.012 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Berek L., Petri I. B., Mesterházy A., Téren J., Molnár J.2001. Effects of mycotoxins on human immune functions in vitro. Toxicol. In Vitro 15: 25–30. doi: 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00055-2 - DOI - PubMed